;*sr jRaa*ik6gssi.  JHra*ir'r%- *: '- ' 


THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  ILLINOIS 

LIBRARY 

NATURAL  HISTORY  SURVEY 

5705 
ILL 

V.  6  cop  4 


npppaMpBPPPPMHMIi 


ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL 
MONOGRAPHS 

Vol.  VI  April- July,  1920  Nos.  2  and  3 


Editorial  Committee 


Stephen  Alfred  Forbes  William  Trelease 

Henry  Baldwin  Ward 


Published  under  the 
Auspices  of  the  Graduate  School  by 
THE  University  of  Illinois    , 


Copyright,  1921  by  the  University  of  Illinois 
Distributed  March  1,  1921 


REVISION   OF  THE  NORTH 

AMERICAN  AND  WEST 

INDIAN  SPECIES  OF 

CUSCUTA 


WITH  THIRTEEN  PLATES 


BY 

TRUMAN  GEORGE  YUNCKER 


THESIS 

SUBMITTED  IN  PARTIAL  FULFILMENT  OF  THE  REQUIREMENTS  FOR  THE  DEGREE 
OF  DOCTOR  OF  PHILOSOPHY  IN  BOTANY  IN  THE  GRADUATE 
SCHOOL  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

1919 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Introduction 7 

jVj  Acknowledgments : 8 

g  History 8 

1^  Material  and  Methods 10 

Morphology 12 

Systematic  Arrangement  of  the  Genus 20 

Sub-genus  Monogyna 20 

Cuscuta  exaltata  Engelmann 21 

Sub-genus  Succuta 21 

Cuscuta  epithymum  Murray 22 

Cuscuta  planiflora  Tenore 22 

Cuscuta  europaea  Linnaeus 23 

Cuscuta  epilinum  Weihe 24 

Sub-genus  Grammica 25 

Cuscuta  erosa  n.  sp 26 

Cuscuta  mitraeformis  Engelmann 26 

Cuscuta  jalapensis  Schlechtendal 27 

Cuscuta  rugosiceps  n.  sp 27 

Cuscuta  ceratophora  n.  sp 28 

Cuscuta  chapalana  n.  sp 28 

Cuscuta  pringlei  n.  sp 29 

Cuscuta  applanata  Engelmann 30 

Cuscuta  tinctoria  Martius 31 

Cuscuta  floribunda  Humboldt,  Bonpland  &  Kunth 32 

Cuscuta  americana  Linnaeus • 32 

Cuscuta  corymbosa  Ruiz  &  Pavon 34 

Cuscuta  macrocephala  Schaffner,  n.  sp 36 

Cuscuta  purpusii  n.  sp 37 

Cuscuta  choisiana  n.  sp 38 

Cuscuta  odontolepis  Engelmann 38 

Cuscuta  potosina  Schaffner 39 

Cuscuta  partita  Choisy 40 

Cuscuta  desmouliniana  n.  sp 40 

Cuscuta  umhellata  Humboldt,  Bonpland  &  Kunth 41 

Cuscuta  graciUima  Engelmann 43 

Cuscuta  lacerata  n.  sp ; 44 

Cuscuta  deltoidea  n.  sp 44 

Cuscuta  tuberculata  Brandegee 45 

Cuscuta  leptantha  Engelmann 45 

Cuscuta  polyanthemos  Schaffner,  n.  sp 46 

Cuscuta  glandtdosa  (Engelmann)  Small 48 

Cuscuta  polygonorum  Engelmann 49 

Cuscuta  pentagona  Engelmann 50 

Cuscuta  plattensis  Nelson 53 

Cuscuta  cephalanthi  Engelmann 53 

Cuscuta  racemosa  chiliana  Engelmann 54 

Cuscuta  decipiens  n.  sp 55 

Cuscuta  coryli  Engelmann 55 

Cuscuta  indecora  Choisy 57 


6                                 ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [96 

CusctUa  jepsonii  n.  sp 59 

Cuscuta  calif ornica  Choisy 60 

Cuscida  karperi  Small 63 

Cuscuta  rostrata  Shuttleworth 63 

Cuscuta  gronovii  Willdenow 64 

Cuscuta  curta  (Engelmann)  Rydberg 67 

Cuscuta  denticulate  Engelmann 68 

Cuscuta  veatchii  Brandegee 69 

Cuscuta  subindusa  Durand  &  Hilgard 69 

Cuscuta  salina  Engelmann 70 

Cuscuta  cuspidata  Engelmann 72 

Cuscuta  squamata  Engelmann 73 

Cuscuta  glomerata  Choisy 74 

Cuscuta  compacta  Jussieu 75 

New  Species  and  Varieties  Described 78 

Bibliography 79 

Explanation  of  Plates '. 92 

Index  of  Collections 119 

Index  of  Names 137 


97]  NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER 


INTRODUCTION 

It  is  now  sixty  years  since  the  appearance  of  Engelmann's  monograph 
of  Cuscuta.  This  paper  has  served  as  the  basis  of  our  taxonomic  knowl- 
edge of  the  dodders  up  to  the  present.  Since  Engelmann's  time,  however, 
great  collections  have  been  made  in  what  was  then  practically  unexplored 
territory  and  many  new  species  have  been  found,  a  number  of  which  have 
been  described. 

Inspection  of  the  collections  in  different  herbaria  shows  a  great  diversity 
of  forms  grouped  under  the  same  specific  name,  and  the  same  form  often 
classed  under  several  different  species.  Also  a  great  number  of  specimens 
show  no  attempt  whatever  at  identification.  This  confusion  is  due,  to  a 
certain  degree,  to  the  fact  that  many  of  the  distinguishing  characters 
demand  a  microscopic  examination  before  the  species  can  be  identified. 
This  cannot  be  altered,  and  the  botanist  too  busy  to  make  dissections  will 
probably  never  get  beyond  the  guessing  stage  with  many  of  the  species. 
The  different  manuals  and  lists  also  show  considerable  confusion  in  the 
names  applied  to  the  different  species  and  the  range  accredited  to  them. 
In  attempting  to  make  certain  determinations  it  was  frequently  found 
that  the  plant  in  question  could  easily  be  called  any  one  of  two  or  three 
closely  allied  forms.  Pictures  had  apparently  never  been  made  of  many 
of  the  species. 

It  was  with  the  hope  of  clearing  up  some  of  the  confusion  of  nomen- 
clature and  descriptions  and  also  to  present  the  North  American  and  West 
Indian  species  in  such  a  manner  that  they  could  be  recognized  clearly 
that  the  present  work  was  undertaken.  The  characters  used  in  the  keys 
have  been  taken,  in  so  far  as  practicable,  from  the  exterior  of  the  flower 
and  ordinarily  evident  under  the  hand  lens.  The  keys,  however,  owing 
to  the  necessity  of  employing  only  floral  characteristics,  leave  much  to  be 
desired. 

Fifty-four  species  are  treated  in  this  paper,  five  of  them  are  introduced, 
four  from  Europe  and  one  from  South  America.  Twenty-six  species  are 
found  in  the  United  States,  seven  of  which  are  also  reported  from  Canada ; 
thirty-three  in  Mexico  and  seven  in  the  West  Indies.  Of  the  West  Indian 
species,  with  the  exception  of  one  that  enters  sparingly  from  Brazil,  all 
are  North  American.  Fourteen  are  found  both  in  the  United  States  and 
Mexico.  Of  the  fifty-four  species  and  forty-two  varieties  which  are 
accounted  for  here  fourteen  species  and  sixteen  varieties  are  described  as 
new,  and  of  the  fifty-four  species  thirty-two  are  now  figured  for  the  first 
time. 


8  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [98 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

I  am  especially  indebted  to  Professor  William  Trelease  for  his  invalu- 
able advice  and  criticisms  throughout  the  course  of  the  work.  It  was 
at  his  suggestion  and  under  his  supervision  that  the  problem  was  worked 
out.  During  the  process  of  the  work  collections  of  dodders  in  various 
herbaria  have  been  studied.  The  collection  at  the  Missouri  Botanical 
Garden  was  opened  to  the  writer  and  was  of  great  value  inasmuch  as  it 
contains  Engelmann's  herbarium,  including  his  types,  and  allowed  com- 
parisons nowhere  else  possible.  Besides  this  the  collections  studied  are 
those  of:  University  of  Arizona,  Boissier  Herbarium,  University  of 
California,  Connecticut  Experiment  Station,  private  herbarium  of  Mr. 
C.  C.  Deam*,  DePauw  University,  Gray  Herbarium,  University  of  Illinois, 
Michigan  Agricultural  College,  New  York  Botanical  Garden,  United 
States  National  Museum,  Wabash  College,  Rocky  Mountain  Herbarium 
in  the  University  of  Wyoming,  and  Yale  University.  At  the  Gray  Her- 
barium and  at  the  New  York  Botanical  Garden,  because  of  the  limited 
amount  of  time  at  the  writer's  disposal,  it  was  impossible  to  list  all  of  the 
exsiccatae  seen,  though  all  specimens  of  Cuscuta  were  examined.  The 
writer  was  granted  the  privilege  of  borrowing  a  large  number  of  specimens 
from  the  latter  herbarium,  however,  for  more  detailed  study.  To  the 
gentlemen  in  charge  of  all  these  collections  I  tender  my  sincere  thanks 
and  appreciation  of  their  courtesj-^  in  allowing  me  the  privilege  of  stud}dng 
these  materials,  without  which  the  work  could  not  have  been  done  ade- 
quately. I  also  wish  to  thank  Mr.  F.  H.  HiUman  of  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture  for  the  abundant  specimens  and  samples  of 
seeds  which  he  generously  pro\'ided.  Thanks  are  also  due  Professor 
W.  Dudgeon  of  Allahabad,  India,  for  four  photographs  showing  tree- 
infesting  dodders;  as  well  as  to  numerous  friends  who  have  kindly  sent  me 
specimens. 

HISTORY 

Choisy  was  the  first,  in  1841,  to  treat  Cuscuta  monographically. 
Previous  to  this  time  little  attention  had  been  given  the  group.  A  few 
new  species  had  been  described  from  time  to  time  from  different  parts  of 
the  world  by  travelers  such  as  Humboldt  and  Gay.  Choisy's  paper,  well 
illustrated,  included  all  the  species  then  known,  forty-one,  a  large  number 
being  newly  described  by  him.  He  considered  the  group  as  a  genus 
belonging  with  the  Convohoilaceae  and  used  characters  of  the  stigmas  to 
divide  it  into  two  sections.  The  first  section  included  those  species 
possessing  acute  or  clavate  stigmas  and  the  second  those  with  globose- 
capitate  stigmas.  The  second  section  in  turn  vras  divided  into  two  sub- 
sections on  the  basis  of  the  inclusion  or  exsertion  of  the  styles,  a  character 
which  is  now  considered  of  doubtful  value  inasmuch  as  the  styles  show 
diflFerent  lengths  depending  upon  the  stage  of  development. 


99]  NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  9 

Shortly  after  the  appearance  of  Choisy's  paper  Engelmann,  in  1842, 
published  his  Monography  of  the  North  "American  Cuscutineae.  He 
treated  the  group  as  a  tribe  of  the  Convolvulaceae,  dividing  it  into  two 
genera:  (1)  Cuscuta,  with  a  gamosepalous  4-5  parted  calyx  and  (2)  Lepi- 
danche,  with  10-15  imbricated  sepals.  He  described  seven  species  of 
Cuscuta  and  one  of  Lepidanche,  all  of  which  he  considered  as  new,  but  in 
a  later  paper  he  treated  five  of  them  as  synonymous  with  previously 
described  species. 

In  1845  the  ninth  volume  of  de  Candolle's  Prodromus,  in  which  the 
Convolvulaceae  were  treated  by  Choisy,  made  its  appearance.  Choisy 
here  considered  the  dodders  as  a  tribe  of  the  Convolvulaceae  and  included 
forty-nine  species.  He  included  Engelmann's  species,  but  considered 
most  of  them  as  doubtful  or  relegated  them  to  synonymy. 

Pfeiffer  in  the  meantime  had  become  interested  in  the  dodders  coming 
under  his  attention  and,  later  in  1845,  published  a  revision  of  the  group. 
He  did  not  believe  it  to  be  subordinate  to  but  rather  coordinate  as  a 
family  with  the  Convolvulaceae  and  so  treated  it.  He  divided  the  family 
into  three  genera  on  the  basis  of  stigmatic  characters,  as  follows:  (1) 
Cuscuta,  with  linear  stigmas,  (2)  Epilinella,  with  clavate  stigmas,  and  (3) 
Engelmannia  with  capitate  stigmas.  The  following  year  (1846)  he 
elaborated  his  original  discussion  and  included  Engelmann's  genus  Lepi- 
danche. 

Buchinger  (1846)  in  reviewing  Pfeiffer's  article  showed  that  his  Engel- 
mannia is  untenable  because  of  previous  occupancy  and  suggested  the 
substitution  of  Pfeifferia.  This  too,  however,  had  been  previously  used 
to  designate  a  genus  of  the  Cactaceae.  As  early  as  1790  Loureiro  in  his 
Flora  Cochinchinensis  had 'established  a  monotypic  genus  which  he  called 
Grammica.  This  genus  was  apparently  unknown  to  Pfeiflfer  and  Buch- 
inger. Later  the  species  included  in  this  genus  was  shown  to  be  a  member 
of  the  group  of  Cuscutas  possessing  capitate  stigmas.  It  would  appear 
proper,  therefore,  to  use  the  name  Grammica  to  designate  the  members  of 
any  sub-group  possessing  similar  characters,  and  Engelmann  in  a  later 
paper  uses  it  in  this  manner  to  designate  those  species  with  capitate 
stigmas. 

Des  Moulins  published  his  Etudes  organiques  sur  les  cuscutes  in  1853. 
He,  like  Pfeiffer,  considered  the  group  as  an  independent  family  and 
divided  it  into  two  tribes  using  the  character  of  the  circumscission  of  the 
capsule  as  a  basis  for  the  division.  He  showed  that  it  is  possible  to  further 
divide  these  tribes  into  five  genera  on  the  basis  of  the  characters  of  the 
seeds,  the  capsules  or  the  styles.  He  decided  to  use  the  styles  as  showing 
the  best  differential  characters  and  proposed  the  following  arrangement: 

Capsule  circumscissile.     Tribe  Cuscuteae 
1.  Styles  filifonn;  seeds  not  winged Cuscuta 


10  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [100 

2.  Styles  clavate Epilinella 

3.  Style  Single,  capisate,  ovoid Monogynella 

Capsule  not  circuniscissile.     Tribe  Cuscutinene 

4.  Styles  capitase,  globular Cassutha 

5.  Styles  filiform ;  seeds  winged Succuta 

Des  Moulins  carefully  considered  the  morphological  details  of  the  plants, 
but  was  at  an  apparent  disadvantage  on  account  of  the  limited  number 
of  species,  about  fifteen,  known  to  him. 

Engelmann,  in  1859,  after  over  twenty  years  of  study  in  this  country 
and  abroad,  published  his  Systematic  Arrangement  of  the  Species  of  the 
Genus  Cuscuta.  He  considered  the  whole  group  as  belonging  to  one 
genus  of  the  Convolvulaceae  which  he  divided  into  three  sub-groups  or 
sections.  The  first,  comprising  those  species  with  linear  stigmas  and 
distinct  styles,  he  called  Cuscuta;  the  second,  those  species  with  distinct 
styles  and  capitate  stigmas,  Grammica,  and  the  third,  those  with  the  styles 
more  or  less  united  and  the  stigmas  of  various  shapes,  Monogyna.  These 
three  groups  he  in  turn  divided  into  nine  sections,  including  seventy-seven 
species,  sixty-one  varieties  and  four  sub- varieties. 

Engelmann  had  seen  nearly  all  of  the  collections  in  the  European  and 
American  herbaria  and  was  able  to  relegate  to  synonymy  a  great  many 
names  that  had  been  exercising  botanists  for  many  years.  His  ideas 
concerning  the  classification  of  these  plants  were  well  founded  and, even 
in  the  light  of  present  day  knowledge,  one  finds  it  difficult  to  offer  con- 
sistently any  radical  changes  or  improvements  on  his  arrangement. 

MATERIAL  AND  METHODS 

The  work,  the  results  of  which  are  recorded  here,  was  carried  on  at 
the  University  of  Illinois  during  the  years  1917  to  1919  inclusive.  Some 
time  was  spent  in  the  libraries  at  Washington,  D.  C.  and  in  studying  the 
materials  in  different  herbaria. 

The  studies  were  all  made  from  dried  herbarium  specimens.  It  is 
possible  that  fresh  specimens  will  show  some  variation  from  the  descriptions 
given  because  of  shrinkage  and  alterations  attendant  upon  drying,  but 
this  can  scarcely  be  avoided.  The  specimens  were  prepared  for  study 
in  one  of  two  ways.  They  were  either  soaked  in  a  lacto-phenol  solution^ 
which  is  admirable  for  bringing  the  structures  back  to  near  their  normal 
shape,  or  boiled  in  water.  In  either  case  the  flowers  were  placed  in  water 
for  study  to  prevent  the  collapsing  of  the  parts.  The  objection  to  the 
use  of  the  lacto-phenol  solution  is  that  it  is  necessary  to  leave  the  materials 
in  it  for  some  time  (usually  at  least  48  hours)  before  they  are  soft  enough  to 
dissect.    This  is  not  the  case,  of  course,  with  boiling  when  they  can  be 

*  Lacto-phenol  stock  solution;  glycerine  40  parts;  latic  acid  20  parts;  phenol  crystals 
20  parts;  water  20  parts. 


101]         NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  11 

Studied  immediately.  The  corollas  and  calyces  were  split  open  and 
mounted  on  slides  in  glycerine  jelly  for  study. 

While  the  European  species  have  been  illustrated  a  number  of  times, 
our  American  forms  in  many  instances  have  never  been  pictured.  It  is 
believed  that  the  sketches  illustrated  in  the  plates  will  prove  of  value  in 
making  identifications.  The  types  of  most  of  the  species  treated  have 
been  studied  and  compared.  All  sketches  were  made  with  the  aid  of  an 
Abbe  camera  lucida.  The  drawings  were  made  from  what  were  con- 
sidered as  normal  specimens  for  the  species  and  all  details  that  would  be 
considered  as  aids  for  identification  are  included.  It  should  be  remembered 
that  the  different  species  show  a  variation  in  their  flowers  that  must  be 
taken  into  consideration  when  making  comparisons  with  the  drawings. 
The  flowers  photographed  were  selected  to  show  a  normal  form  and  possibly 
supplement  the  sketches  somewhat.  The  plate  illustrating  the  seeds  of 
some  of  the  different  species  allows  a  comparison  of  their  relative  shapes 
and  sizes. 

The  original  publication  and  the  principal  monographs  treating  each 
species  have  been  cited.  Because  of  the  scarcity  of  good  illustrations 
it  was  thought  best  to  include  citations  of  practically  all  known  American 
illustrations. 


12  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [102 


MORPHOLOGY 

Des  Moulins  in  his  fitudes  was  probably  the  first  to  use  the  characters 
of  the  seeds  to  differentiate  groups  of  Cuscutas.  He  showed  that  it  is  possi- 
ble to  separate  the  genera  on  the  differences  in  the  shapes  of  their  seeds. 
Different  botanists  have  since  studied  the  structure  of  the  seed. 

The  number  of  seeds  produced  in  each  capsule  varies  from  one  to  four, 
because  of  the  abortion  of  one  or  more  of  the  ovules.  Certain  species 
characteristically  produce  four  seeds  while  others  regularly  produce  but 
one  or  two.  The  shape  of  the  seed  is  determined,  to  a  certain  degree,  by 
the  number  developed  in  a  capsule.  When  four  are  ripened  they  have 
two  flattened  surfaces  and  an  outer  convex  surface.  When  but  one  is 
ripened,  however,  it  generally  possesses  a  spheroidal  shape.  The  hilum 
is  an  oblong,  linear  or  short,  rounded,  raised  or  sometimes  sunken  area 
situated  towards  one  end  or  to  the  side  of  the  seed.  It  is  transverse,  i.e. 
at  right  angles  to  the  broadest  diameter,  or  oblique.  It  is  situated  near 
the  center  of  a  roundish  areola,  the  "umbilical  area"  of  Engelmann  and 
"seed  scar"  of  Hillman  (1907),  which  is  usually  smoother  and  of  a  different 
shade  of  color  and  may  be  somewhat  striated.  A  cross  section  shows  the 
seed  to  possess  four  layers  of  cells  enclosing  the  spirally  coiled,  filamentous, 
acotyledonous  embrjo  in  the  albumen.  The  outer  layer  of  cells  having 
their  exposed  walls  somewhat  convex  and  cuticularized  gives  a  roughened 
appearance  to  the  seeds.  Guttenberg  (1909)  was  able  to  show  differences 
in  the  size  and  shape  of  the  cells  making  up  the  testa  and  keyed  out  six 
species  (C.  suaveolens,  C.  arvensis,  C.  epiUnum,  C.  trifolii,  C.  europaea  and 
C.  arahica). 

The  stems  do  not  offer  external  characters  sufficiently  constant  to  aid 
in  more  than  a  general  way  in  specific  differentiation.  Within  certain 
limits  the  size  is  of  use,  but  they  show  wide  variation,  even  on  the  same 
plant.  In  describing  the  stems  of  the  different  species  it  has  been  thought 
best  to  divide  them  with  relation  to  their  diameters  into  three  categories 
using  comparative  terms  to  designate  each  of  them.  Sections  of  an 
average  stem  were  measured  for  each  species,  but  sections  from  other  parts 
of  the  same  plant  will  show  wide  variation.  The  size  varies  from  .10  mm. 
up  to  1  or  2  mm.  The  term  "slender"  is  used  in  the  descriptions  to  desig- 
nate those  stems  that  ordinarily  possess  diameters  of  not  more  than  .35  or 
,40  mm.,  the  term  "medium"  for  those  of  about  .40  to  .60  mm.,  and  "coarse" 
for  those  with  a  diameter  greater  than  .60  mm.  Combinations  of  two  of 
these  terms  as  "slender  to  medium"  are  used  in  cases  where  the  size  of  the 
stem  lies  about  the  border  line  between  two  of  the  divisions,  as  well  as 
qualifying  adjectives  like  "ver}-  slender."     At  the  best,  the  size  of  the 


103]         NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  13 

Stem  is  of  small  taxonomic  value  and  undoubtedly  varies  with  relation 
to  the  situation  under  which  the  parasite  grows.  It  is  a  known  fact  that 
a  plant  of  a  certain  species  of  dodder  growing  on  an  unfavorable  host,  as 
some  grass  for  example,  will  not  have  the  same  luxuriance  of  growth  and 
consequent  large  diameter  of  stem  as  another  plant  of  the  same  species 
growing  on  a  more  favorable  host  like  an  Impatiens.  The  internodal 
length  varies  within  wide  limits  and  is  probably  determined  to  a  great 
extent  by  environmental  factors  such  as  the  food  supply  and  the  distance 
to  be  traversed  before  being  able  to  fasten  onto  another  stem. 

The  internal  structure,  however,  according  to  Mirande  (1900),  exhibits 
characters  which  are  of  value.  He  was  able  to  divide  Cuscuta  into  three 
subdivisions  by  using  characters  of  the  vascular  bundles.  His  histological 
division  corresponds  to  that  of  Engelmann  on  external  morphological 
characters.  He  finds  that  the  Monogyna  group  shows  bundle  characters 
that,  according  to  his  opinion,  are  least  modified  by  parasitism.  The 
group  Grammica,  on  the  other  hand,  shows  the  greatest  modification  and 
reduction  of  parts,  though  Engelmann  placed  it  intermediate,  while  the 
group  Succuta,  according  to  Mirande,  holds  an  intermediate  position. 
Further  comparative  study  of  the  groups  Succuta  and  Monogyna,  which 
are  predominatingly  Old  World  species,  may  clear  up  the  question  regard- 
ing the  sequence  of  forms. 

The  leaves  of  Cuscuta  are  reduced  to  scales  which  in  themselves 
apparently  offer  no  characters  of  taxonomic  value.  One  usually  subtends 
each  branch  and  pedicel.  They  serve  no  apparent  purpose,  possessing 
but  little  if  any  chlorophyll  and  rarely  functioning  as  photosynthetic 
organs.  A  few  stomata  are  found  on  the  scales  of  some  species.  Mirande 
has  shown  that  the  Monogyna  group  shows  the  least  and  the  group 
Grammica  the  greatest  amount  of  vascular  reduction  in  the  leaf. 

It  is  in  the  flower  that  we  find  the  effects  of  the  parasitic  mode  of  life 
least  apparent  and  obtain  the  best  characters  for  the  separation  of  the 
different  groups  and  the  differentiation  of  species.  The  proportion  of 
one  part  to  another,  their  relative  shape,  size,  and  positions  assumed  offer 
fairly  constant  differential  characters.  Owing  to  the  small  size  of  the 
flowers  some  of  the  characters  are  difficult  to  determine  without  the  aid 
of  a  magnifier.  The  size  of  the  flower  ranges  from  about  1  millimeter  in 
length  for  C.  harperi  to  6  or  7  millimeters  for  the  larger  flowers,  e.  g. 
C.  rostrate,  C.  corymbosa,  etc.  The  size  varies  slightly  for  different  indi- 
viduals of  a  species.  Identification  of  some  species  as  C.  glomerata, 
C.  compacta,  C.  ceratophora,  etc.  can  be  made  fairly  accurately  on  external 
characters  without  dissection,  but  others  like  C.  californica,  C.  poly- 
gonorum,  etc.  ordinarily  require  that  a  dissection  be  made  to  determine 
scale  and  staminal  characters.     The  texture  of  the  floral  parts  shows  all 


14  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [104 

gradations  from  the  more  or  less  membranous  to  the  thick,  fleshy  or  even 
coriaceous  types.  In  many  species  there  are  present  in  the  calyx,  corolla 
and  capsular  parts  large  pellucid  or  semi-pellucid  glandular-appearing  cells. 
The  cells  of  the  flowers  in  some  species  (C.  indecora  and  C.  coryli)  are  lens 
shaped  giving  the  flowers  a  verrucose  or  papillate  appearance  and  in  others 
(C  pentagona  pubescens,  C.  gracillima  saccharata,  etc.)  these  papillations 
are  somewhat  longer  and  give  the  flowers  a  pubescent  appearance. 

The  calyx  is  gamosepalous  in  the  majority  of  the  species  and  always 
persistent.  A  small  number,  however,  have  the  calyx  segments  entirely 
free.  The  shape,  texture,  degree  of  separation,  and  overlapping  of  the 
segments  are  characters  that  are  useful  for  specific  differentiation. 

The  corolla  is  always  gamopetalous,  and  usually  tubular  or  campanu- 
late  frequently  becoming  urceolate  as  the  fruit  matures.  The  length  of 
the  corolla  lobes  in  comparison  with  the  length  of  the  tube;  the  shape  of 
the  tube  and  of  the  lobes;  the  position  assumed  by  the  lobes,  that  is, 
whether  upright,  spreading  or  reflexed;  the  texture  of  the  corolla  and  the 
shape  of  the  cells  causing  papillate  forms,  and  the  presence  or  absence  of 
horn-like  projections  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  lobes  are  characters  which 
aid  in  the  separation  of  the  species.  In  certain  species  the  shape  of  the 
corolla  is  such  that  upon  the  maturation  of  the  capsule  the  withered 
corolla  is  left  at  its  base  (C.  pentagona) ;  in  others,  because  of  its  narrowness, 
it  is  torn  loose  from  the  base  and  carried  either  about  the  capsule  (C. 
californica)  or  at  its  apex  like  a  hood  (C.  cephalanthi) . 

Opposite  the  stamens  and  alternating  with  the  lobes  of  the  corolla 
are  found  a  set  of  scale-like  appendages  in  all  but  two  of  the  North  American 
species.  The  morphology  and  function  of  these  organs  are  somewhat 
questionable.  Babington  (1844)  thought  that  they  were  inserted  opposite 
the  corolla  lobes  and  had  become  joined  opposite  the  stamens.  He  con- 
sidered also  that,  as  they  alternate  with  the  stamens,  they  should  be 
considered  as  an  inner  whorl  of  modified  stamens. 

Engelmann  says  (1859) :  "The  most  peculiar  organs  of  the  flower  are 
the  epistamineal  scales,  which  are  found  in  most  of  the  species.  The 
simplest  form  of  that  organ  (in  C.  inflexa,  C.  chlorocarpa,  etc.)  exhibits  a 
few  teeth  or  lobes  laterally  adhering  to  the  lower  (attached)  part  of  the 
filament.  These  lobes,  in  other  species,  expand  into  membranes,  forming 
two  lateral  wings  to  the  filament,  crenulate  or  fringed  at  the  tip  and  outside; 
then  these  wings  partly  united  at  their  upper  end,  thus  forming  a  single 
bifid  scale;  finally  they  unite  entirely,  forming  an  oblong,  ovate,  spatulate 
or  truncate,  more  or  less  crenate  or  fimbriate  scale.  Towards  the  base 
the  scales  are  always  'adnate  in  the  middle,'  or,  properly  speaking,  attached 
to  both  sides  of  the  adnate  filament.  Their  bases  usually  connect  with 
one  another,  forming  inverted  arches.  .  .  .  These  scales  are  evidently 


105]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  15 

dilatations  of  the  lower  (attached)  part  of  the  filaments,  perhaps  of  the 
character  of  stipules,  as  Prof.  A.  Braun  suggests;  or  they  are  a  sort  of 
stamineal  crown,  attached  at  base  to  the  corolla,  but  not  a  duplication  of 
the  same." 

Miss  Cunningham's  idea  regarding  the  origin  of  the  scales  does  not 
agree  with  Engelmann's.  She  states  (1898):  "it  was  noticed  that  in  some 
species  the  filament  of  the  stamen  extends  under  the  apex  of  the  scale,  in 
others  the  base  of  the  filament  can  be  traced  nearly  to  the  base  of  the  corolla, 
while  the  scale  forms  two  lateral  wings,  one  on  either  side  of  the  filament. 
For  this  work  specimens  from  each  of  the  three  groups  were  examined. 
Longitudinal  sections  were  made  through  the  corolla  with  its  attached 
stamen  and  scale  and  a  careful  study  showed  that  the  scales  have  their 
origin  from  the  corolla.  The  stamens  also  originate  from  the  corolla,  but 
at  a  different  level  from  the  scale  so  that  they  cannot  possibly  be  attached 
to  each  other.  However,  in  the  third  section  a  few  species  showed  some 
connection  between  the  scale  and  the  filament;  but,  while  there  may  have 
been  a  slight  attachment  of  these  parts  in  individual  specimens,  yet  the 
examination  of  other  sections  fully  demonstrated  the  fact  that  the  origin 
of  the  scale  is  unquestionably  from  the  corolla,  and  the  base  of  the  stamen 
is  slightly  above  that  of  the  scale.  The  results  of  these  examinations,  so 
far  as  made,  confirm  us  in  the  belief  that  the  scales  are  not  epistamineal, 
and  do  not  form  a  stamineal  crown,  but  are  petaloid  and  are  in  the  nature 
of  a  duplication  of  the  petals." 

It  would  appear  inconsistent  with  the  morphology  of  a  typical  flower 
to  consider  the  scales  as  outgrowths  of  the  corolla  and  at  the  same  time 
originating  opposite  the  stamens.  After  examination  of  a  great  many 
specimens  of  different  species  and  of  sections  made  of  many  of  them,  it  is 
quite  evident  to  me  that  the  scales  are  outgrowths  of  the  filaments,  as 
Engelmann  believed.  Inspection  of  various  species  in  other  genera  of  the 
Convolvulaceae  shows  that  there  are  numerous  filamentous  appendages 
frequently  present  towards  the  base  of  the  filaments.  In  Convolvulus 
septum,  for  example,  the  filaments  are  found  to  be  flattened  laterally 
forming  slight  wings  which  bear  numerous  filamentous  projections.  It 
does  not  seem  difficult  to  imagine  these  wings  uniting  at  the  base  between 
two  filaments  forming  the  "inverted  arch"  or  bridge,  as  I  shall  call  this 
region  and  also  uniting  above  and  becoming  free  as  the  filament  becomes 
more  firmly  attached  to  the  corolla.  I  believe  that  the  epistaminal 
scales  of  Cuscuta  have  originated  in  this  manner.  The  scales  are  con- 
sidered in  the  descriptions  as  continuing  to  the  base  of  the  corolla  in 
all  cases  and  the  description  of  the  height  of  the  bridge  is  in  relation 
to  their  total  length.  The  bridge  is  of  different  heights  and  fairly  char- 
acteristic for  the  different  species.  The  shape,  size  and  texture  of  the 
scales  and  the  length  and  abundance  of  their  processes  is  very  different  in 


16  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [106 

the  various  species.     The  different  forms  are  fairly  constant,  and,  within 
certain  limits,  offer  good  differential  characters. 

Their  function  is  somewhat  doubtful.  Knuth  says  (1899):  "In  den 
weisslichen  oder  rotlichen,  meist  fiinf-,  aber  auch  vier-,  drei-  und  zweiza- 
ligen  Bliiten  wird  der  Honig  durch  fiinf  und  weniger  sich  iiber  dem  Frucht- 
knoten  zusammenbiegende  Schuppen  gegen  Regen  geschiitzt."  Whether 
they  serve  any  function  other  than  this  one  of  protection  is  rather  doubtful. 

The  stamens  are  inserted  at  the  top  of  the  corolla  tube.  In  some 
species  (C.  exaltata,  C,  coryli,  etc.)  the  union  of  the  filament  to  the  tube 
below  its  separation  is  more  or  less  evident,  but  in  most  of  them  it  is  not 
readily  noticeable.  The  anthers  range  in  shape  from  oblong-linear  to 
orbicular,  the  shape  being  fairly  characteristic  for  each  species.  They  are 
introrse,  adnate  or  more  or  less  versatile,  and  open  longitudinally.  The 
pollen  sacs  are  more  or  less  divergent  at  their  base  in  some  species  giving 
the  anthers  a  sagittate  appearance.  In  C.  polygonorum  and  C.  glandu- 
losa  the  pollen  sacs  are  frequently  widely  separated  by  a  connective  that 
reaches  to  the  apex  of  the  anther.  This  connective  has  been  found  some- 
what prolonged  into  a  slight  apiculation  in  some  specimens  of  C.  americana 
and  others.  The  filaments  are  slender  or  subulate,  and  somewhat  oval  in 
cross  section.  Their  length  shows  a  rather  wide  range.  In  some  the 
anthers  are  quite  sessile  while  in  at  least  one  species  (C.  gracillima)  they 
are  on  filaments  that  are  longer  than  the  corolla  lobes.  This  length  of 
the  filaments,  however,  is  variable  within  certain  limits  for  members  of 
the  same  species. 

The  two-celled,  four-ovuled  ovary  is  ordinarily  very  small  but  even  in 
the  younger  flowers  gives  an  indication  of  the  shape  of  the  capsule-to-be. 
The  ovules  are  basal,  anatropous  and  provided  with  one  integument.  The 
styles  are  of  different  lengths  and  shapes  for  the  different  species.  They 
are  for  the  majority  of  the  species  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  ovary.  In 
most  of  the  species  they  are  slender  and  of  the  same  thickness  throughout, 
but  a  number,  chiefly  Mexican,  possess  styles  having  a  greater  diameter 
at  the  base  and  tapering  towards  the  stigma.  The  common  position  for 
the  styles  is  upright,  but  in  some  species  (C.  coryli,  C.  polygonorum,  C. 
mitraeformis,  etc.)  they  become  widely  divergent  as  the  fruit  matures.  In 
the  group  Monogyna  the  styles  are  united  more  or  less  completely;  in  the 
others  they  are  entirely  separated.  The  only  representative  of  the 
Monogyna  section  found  in  this  country  so  far  is  C.  exaltata.  Its  styles, 
while  more  or  less  connate,  are  easily  separable  and  show  a  distinct  line  of 
cleavage,  indicating  that  the  union  is  incomplete. 

Two  distinct  types  of  stigmas  are  found.  The  North  American  forms 
all  possess  the  semi-globular  capitate  type  which  characterizes  the  group 
Grammica,  with  the  exception  of  C.  exaltata  which  has  the  capitate  type 


107]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  17 

but  with  the  stigmas  somewhat  flattened.  One  or  two  species  show 
stigmas  somewhat  irregular  and  convoluted.  All  of  the  species  found  so  far 
in  this  country  with  the  linear  type  of  stigmas  are  Old  World  forms  that 
are  parasitic  on  economic  plants.  C.  europaea  has  been  found  but  three 
times  in  this  country  according  to  the  records,  and  its  apparent  scarcity 
is  probably  because  of  the  fact  that  it  does  not  ordinarily  parasitize  crop 
plants  and  is  unable  to  gain  a  foothold.  The  stigmatic  characters  are 
easily  seen  without  dissections  and  are  the  most  constant  to  be  found  in 
the  flowers.  These,  with  certain  other  characters,  in  correspondence 
with  geographic  distribution,  seem  to  indicate  the  natural  division  of  the 
group  into  its  primary  subdivisions. 

The  two  carpels  making  up  the  capsule  are  not  completely  united  in  all 
the  species.  An  opening  extends  down  between  the  styles  into  the  capsule 
in  the  most  of  them,  but  not,  however,  connecting  with  the  interior  of  the 
cells.  The  size  and  depth  of  this  opening,  which  Engelmann  termed  the 
"intrastylar  aperture,"  is  somewhat  differer^t  for  the  various  species. 

The  capsule  may  or  may  not  be  circumscissile,  depending  upon  the 
species.  The  Old  World  forms,  as  well  as  most  of  those  from  Mexico  and 
the  southwestern  part  of  the  United  States  have  capsules  that  open  by  a 
more  or  less  regular  line  of  cleavage  towards  the  base.  In  some  species  a 
thickened  ridge  is  formed  which  marks  this  line  of  separation.  Most  of 
the  species,  however,  do  not  show  this  thickening,  and,  while  the  cleavage 
is  ordinarily  quite  regular,  in  some  species  it  is  somewhat  ragged.  The 
partition  wall  composed  of  the  adjacent  walls  of  the  two  carpels  up  to 
the  place  where  the  intrastylar  aperture  begins  is  frequently  left  in  the 
basal  portion  of  the  circumscissile  capsule  after  opening.  This  is  usually 
obcordate  and  is  most  admirably  exhibited  in  C.  applanaia  and  C.  epilinum. 
It  may  be  somewhat  difficult  to  predict  the  mode  of  dehiscence  when 
examining  young  flowers,  but  with  those  with  more  mature  capsules  a  slight 
pressure  with  the  point  of  a  pencil  will  usually  cause  the  circumscissile 
type  of  capsule  to  break  loose,  while  the  non-circumscissile  type  will  be 
crushed  or  will  tear  irregularly.  In  a  careful  dissection  of  young  flowers 
of  those  species  possessing  a  circumscissile  type  of  capsule  the  ovary  may 
often  be  detached  if  pulled,  since  the  base  ordinarily  forecasts  the  line  of 
circumscission  of  the  mature  capsule  in  having  a  weaker  zone.  The  shape 
of  the  capsule  is  characteristic  for  the  different  species.  It  ranges 
from  globose-depressed  (C.  polygonorum,  C.  umbellata,  etc.)  to  globose- 
ovoid  (C.  salina,  C.  denticulata,  etc.)  or  pointed  (C.  gronovii)  or  long- 
beaked,  flask-shaped  (C  rostrata).  This  variation  in  shape  is  due  in  some 
species  to  a  thickening  of  the  capsule  wall  at  the  apex  (C.  gronovii)  but 
in  others  (C  denticulata)  this  is  not  true.  Many  species  have  the  capsular 
wall  thickened  in  the  form  of  a  ring  or  collar  about  the  style  bases  and 
bordering  the  intrastylar  aperture. 


18  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [108 

A  number  of  variations  from  the  normal  type  are  found  in  this  group. 
While  the  flowers,  with  but  few  exceptions,  are  typically  pentamerous 
practically  aU  species  show  flowers  with  but  two,  three  or  four  parts.  Pis- 
tils possessing  three  styles  instead  of  two  are  rather  common.  In  a  number 
of  specimens  the  stamens  were  found  to  be  petaloid  with  abortive  thecae, 
but  in  others  the  thecae  were  borne  at  the  edge  of  the  otherwise  normal 
corolla  lobes  with  no  indication  of  filaments.  In  one  flower  of  C.  pringlei 
well  developed  scales  were  found  on  the  exterior  of  the  corolla ;  normal  scales 
ako  being  present.  A  few  flowers  of  C.  ceratophora  exhibited  unmistakable 
buds  produced  on  the  receptacle  between  the  calyx  and  the  corolla.  Some 
species  predominatingly  produce  their  flowers  endogenously,  e.g.  C.  glome- 
rata,  as  reported  by  Bessey  (1884),  Goebel  (1908),  Stevens  (1889),  Thomp- 
son (1899),  etc.  A  number  of  other  species  have  been  seen  in  which 
endogenously  formed  flowers  were  found  to  be  more  or  less  frequently 
produced.  In  some  specimens  of  C.  cephdanthi  practically  all  the  flower 
clusters  are  so  formed.  When  formed  internally  the  flower  clusters  usually 
originate  directly  over  haustorial  areas  and  break  forth  in  two  more  or 
less  parallel  rows. 

Kuhn  (1867)  lists  Cuscuta  as  one  of  a  number  of  different  "plantae 
floribus  cleistogamis."  M  tiller  says  (1883)  of  C.  epithymum  that  it  is 
homogamous  and  "honey  is  secreted  by  the  lower  part  of  the  ovary  and  is 
sheltered  by  the  scale-like  appendages  of  the  corolla.  The  flowers  are 
visited  by  Sphegidae  and  in  the  absence  of  insects  fertilize  themselves." 
Knuth  says  (1899):  "Die  Staubfaden  sind  von  Anfang  an  einwarts 
gekrumt,  sie  neigen  sich  spater  weiter  nach  innen,  entweder  bis  zur  Beriih- 
rung  mit  der  Narbe  oder  bis  sie  senkrecht  uber  derselben  stehen,  so  dass 
alsdann  durch  Pollenfall  Bestaubung  eintritt."  and  further:  "Als  Besucher 
bemerkte  H.  Muller  2  Grabwespen:  Crabo  elongatulus,  einzeln,  PhUanthus 
triangulum  mehrfach;  Kohl  in  Tirol  die  Faltenwespe  PoHstes  gallica." 

Extended  observations  of  a  number  of  patches  of  dodder  failed  to 
reveal  any  insects  alighting  on  the  flowers.  Mirande  says  (1900):  "Le 
Cuscuta  fragrans  qu'on  trouve  aux  environs  d'Anthenes  repand  unagreable 
parfum  de  violettes;  le  C.  reflexa  de  ITnde,  possede  una  odeur  de  fleurs 
d'oranger."  A  specimen  of  C.  racemosa  chiliana  collected  by  Davis  in 
California  was  recorded  as  "fragrant."  It  is  probable  that  the  plants 
exhibiting  fragrance  would  be  more  liable  to  insect  visits  than  those  without 
it. 

Cuscuta  frequently  is  self  parasitic,  that  is,  often  coiling  about  and 
sending  haustoria  into  its  own  stems.  Saccardo  records  Dendryphium 
macowanianum  as  parasitizing  C.  cassythoides  and  Peck  records  (1874)  a 
new  species  of  Protomyces  {P.  tnartindalii)  as  occurring  on  C.  gronovii. 
A  number  of  swollen  stems  and  flower  pedicels  found  during  the  course  of 


109]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  19 

the  study  with  cavities  in  them  were  indicative  of  galls  caused  by  insects. 
It  was  not  possible,  however,  to  identify  the  insects  causing  the  galls. 

Engelmann  makes  the  following  statement  (1843):  "I  am  now  con- 
vinced that  although  many  Cuscutae  prefer  some  plants  to  others,  yet 
there  is  no  constancy  in  this  respect,  but  the  same  species  often  grows 
upon  a  great  variety  of  widely  different  plants.  I  did  wrong,  therefore, 
to  name  them  from  the  genera  upon  which  they  grew  and  I  should  much 
prefer  to  see  the  names  of  C.  cephalanthi  changed  into  C.  tenuiflora,  C. 
coryli  into  C.  incurva,  C.  saururi  into  C.  umbrosa  Beyr.?,  C.  polygonorum 
into  C.  chlorocarpa  and  Lepidanche  compositarum  into  L.  squarrosa  if  they 
had  not  yet  been  published."  Later  he  actually  did  make  some  of  the 
substitutions  mentioned.  It  is  a  fact  that  certain  species  apparently  have 
a  preference  for  certain  host  plants,  but,  as  Engelman  indicates,  this  is  not 
a  constant  characteristic.  Some  species  live  predominantly,  however,  on 
certain  classes  of  plants  as,  for  example  C.  exaltata  which  is  ordinarily 
found  on  trees,  while  C.  salina  shows  a  predilection  for  saline  herbs,  and 
so  on.  The  majority  prefer,  however,  the  more  succulent  herbaceous 
plants. 

Except  for  a  few  species  parasitic  on  economic  plants  and  liable  to 
distribution  by  artificial  means  and  a  few  species  with  a  wide  variety  of 
forms  they  seem  to  be  more  or  less  limited  in  their  distribution.  There 
seem  to  have  been  originally  two  points  of  dispersal  in  North  America. 
One  was  apparently  somewhere  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  United  States, 
probably  somewhere  along  the  Appalachian  range  and  the  other  in  the 
southwestern  part  of  the  continent,  either  in  Mexico  or  the  southwestern 
United  States.  The  species  inhabiting  the  different  regions  possess  group 
characteristics  that  are  fairly  typical  of  those  regions.  The  species  in  the 
West  Indies  seem  to  be  migrants  from  the  United  States  and  Mexico  with 
the  exception  of  C.  partita  which  probably  entered  from  Brazil;  no  species 
found  in  the  islands  so  far  is  peculiar  to  them,  but  all  are  members  of  more 
or  less  predominant  continental  species. 

Owing  to  the  nature  of  their  structure,  fossil  remains,  so  far  as  recorded, 
are  lacking  and  an  estimate  as  to  the  age  of  the  plants  in  relation  to  the 
earth's  history  would  be  valueless. 


20  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [110 


SYSTEMATIC  ARRANGEMENT  OF  THE  GENUS 

CUSCUTA  (Toumefort)  Linnaeus 

C«5CMto  Toumefort,  Inst.  Rei  Herb.,  1:652,  t.  422,  1700.— Linnaeus,  Spec.  PL,  124,  1753.— 
Choisy,  Mem.  Soc.  Phys.  et  Hist.  Nat.  Geneve,  9:268,  1841;  and  in  DC,  Prodromus, 
9:452, 1845. — Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :453, 1859. — Bentham  &  Hooker, 
Gen.  PI,  2:881,  1873.— Peter,  in  Engler&Prantl,  Die  naturl.  Pflanzenfam.,  Teil  IV, 
Abteil.  3a,  p.  37,  1897. 

Epithymutn  (Plinius  ex)  Nieuwland  &  Lunell,  Amer.  Mid.  Nat.,  4:  511,  1916. 

Hypogynous,  sympetalous,  herbaceous  parasites.  Stems  filiform,  twin- 
ing about  woody  or  herbaceous  hosts  from  which  they  obtain  their  nourish- 
ment by  means  of  haustoria.  Leaves  reduced  to  small  functionless  scales. 
Flowers  small,  more  or  less  cymose  clustered,  mostly  gamosepalous; 
usually  pentamerous  (infrequently  tri-  or  tetramerous) ;  stamens  inserted 
in  the  throat,  alternating  with  the  corolla  lobes;  scale-like,  more  or  less 
fringed  or  fimbriate  structures  present  in  most  of  the  species  at  the  base 
of  the  corolla  opposite  the  stamens;  ovary  two-celled,  each  cell  containing 
two  anatropous  ovules;  styles  distinct  or  united;  stigmas  capitate  or 
linear-elongated.  Fruit  a  capsule  which  remains  closed  or  opens  with  a 
distinct  line  of  circumscission  near  its  base;  embryo  acotyledonous, 
filiform  or  with  an  enlargement  at  one  end. 

Key  to  the  subgenera 

Styles  more  or  less  united MoNOGYNA(p.  20). 

Styles  distinct. 

Stigmas  linear-elongated Succuta  (p.  21). 

Stigmas  capitate Grammica  (p.  25). 

Sub-genus  monogyna  Engelmann 
Cuscuta  group  Monogyna  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :460,  1859. 
Kadurias  Rafinesque,  Fl.  Tellur.,  4:91,  1836. 
Aplostylis  Rafinesque,  Fl.  Tellur.,  4:91,  1836. 

Stems  very  coarse.  Flowers  sessile  or  on  short  pedicels  in  spicate, 
racemose  or  paniculate  cymes,  pentamerous,  the  withered  corolla  remain- 
ing at  the  apex  of  the  regularly  circumscissile  capsule  or  dropping  off; 
styles  thick,  more  or  less  completely  united;  stigmas  capitate,  subglobose 
to  ovate  or  conic.  Chiefly  parasitic  on  woody  hosts.  Mostly  Old  World 
species,  only  one  being  found  in  North  America. 

Section  monogynella  (Des  Moulins)  Engelmann 
Cuscula  section  Monogynella  (Des  Moulins)  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:512, 

1859. 
Monogynella  Des  Moulins,  fitudes  org.  cusc,  p.  65,  1853. 

Flowers  in  spicate  or  racemose  cymes;  stigmas  capitate,  subglobose  or 
ovate,  on  thick,  more  or  less  completely  united  styles;  withered  corolla 
always  remaining  at  the  apex  of  the  capsule. 


1 1 1]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  21 

Cuscuta  exaltata  Engelmann 
[Figures  6,  62  and  63] 
C.  exaltata  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:513,  1859. 
C.  gamostyla  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:513,  1859;  in  synon. 

Stems  thick  and  stout  (1-2  mm.).  Flowers  glabrous,  4-5  mm.  long, 
pentamerous,  sessile  or  subsessile  in  spicate  panicles;  calyx  lobes  fleshy, 
thick,  concave,  ovate-orbicular,  obtuse,  overlapping,  nearly  or  quite  as 
long  as  the  corolla  tube,  subtended  by  one  or  two  smaller  concave  bracts; 
corolla  tube  cylindrical  with  only  the  lobes  exserted;  lobes  ovate-orbicular, 
obtuse,  overlapping;  stamens  included,  sessile;  anthers  ovate;  scales 
composed  of  two  wings,  one  on  either  side  of  the  filament  attachment, 
bridged  at  about  the  middle,  toothed  along  the  upper  portion,  or  in  some 
specimens  the  two  wings  united  and  free  forming  the  ordinary  type  of 
scale;  ovary  globose;  styles  equal,  partially  or  completely  united  but 
separating  easily  when  pulled;  stigmas  flattened.  Capsule  ovate-globose, 
circumscissile,  5-7  mm.  long,  carrying  the  withered  corolla  at  the  apex; 
seeds  about  3-3.5  mm.  long,  somewhat  rostrate  and  triangular;  hilum 
oblong,  oblique  to  transverse. 

This  species  is  the  only  one  found  so  far  in  North  America  possessing 
united  styles.     It  is  commonly  parasitic  on  trees,  frequently  on  Quercus. 

Type  location:    In  Western  Texas.     Range:    Texas  and  Florida. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Texas;  New  Braunfels  (Lindheimer  472, 
taken  as  type,  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.),  on  the  Cibolo  near  San  Antonio  (Lindheimer  in  1846), 
at  the  mouth  of  Pecos  (Bigelow  in  1851),  Dallas  Co.  (Reverchon  663,  2552,  in  1875  and  in 
1880),  on  the  Blanco  (Wright  in  1847),  Western  Texas  (Nealley  260),  Bexar  Co.  (Jenny  in 
1904).  Florida;  Volusia  Co.  (Baker  in  1918).  This  specimen,  in  the  Gray  Herbarium,  so 
far  as  can  be  determined  is  identical  with  those  collected  in  Texas. 

Sub-genus  succuta  (Des  Moulins)  n.  comb. 

Succuta  Des  Moulins,  fitudes  org.  cusc,  p.  74,  1853,  amplified. 

Schrebera  Linnaeus,  Sp.  PI.  (2  ed.),  p.  1662,  1763. 

Cassytha  (Gesner.  ex)  S.  F.  Gray,  Nat.  Arr.  Brit.  PL,  2:345,  1821. 

Lepimes  Rafinesque,  Fl.  Tellur.,  4:91,  1836. 

Cuscuta  Pfeiffer,  Bot.  Ztg.,  3:673,  1845. 

Epilinella  Pfeiffer,  Bot.  Ztg.,  3:673,  1845. 

Epithymum  Opiz,  Seznam,  p.  40,  1852. 

Cuscuta  group  Cuscuta  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :459,  1859. 

Flowers  sessile  or  pedicellate;  styles  equal,  distinct;  stigmas  linear- 
elongated;  capsule  circumscissile  or  remaining  closed.  Natives  of  the 
Old  World.  Four  species  have  been  introduced  into  North  America  as 
parasites  of  cultivated  crops. 

Section  eucuscuta  Engelmann 
Cuscuta  section  Eucuscuta  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :460,  1859. 

Styles  as  thick  as  or  thicker  than  and  slightly  shorter  than  or  exceeding 
the  length  of  the  elongated  stigmas.     Capsule  circumscissile. 


22  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [112 

Key  to  the  species 
Styles,  including  the  stigmas,  exceeding  the  length  of  the  ovary. 

Calyx  lobes  triangular-ovate,  acute,  scarcely  overlapping C.  epithymum  (p.  22). 

Calyx  lobes  broadly  ovate,  somewhat  fleshy  pointed  at  the  apex,  overlapping 

C.  planiflora  (p.  22). 

Styles,  including  the  stigmas,  not  exceeding  the  length  of  the  ovary. 

Flowers  usually  tetramerous,  capsule  pointed,  calyx  lobes  not  overlapping 

C.  europaea  (p.  23). 

Flowers  usually  pentamerous,  capsule  depressed,  calyx  lobes  overlapping 

C.  epilinum  (p.  24). 

Cuscuta  epithymum  Murray 
[Figures  2,  86  and  145] 
C.  epithymum  Murray,  Linn.  Syst.  (13  ed.),  p.  140,  1774. — Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci. 
St.  Louis,  1:461,  1859.— Hillman,  Nev.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.  Bull.,  No.  15,  fig.  3,  1892.— Piper, 
Wash.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.  Bull.,  No.  8,  fig.  1,  1893.— Matthew,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  20, 
pi.  164,  fig.  2,  1893.— Tourney,  Ariz.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.  Bull.,  No.  22,  fig.  9,  1897.— Britton 
&  Brown.  Illustr.  Flora,  3:27,  fig.  2956,  1898;  2  ed.,  3:49,  fig.  3443,  1913. 
Lepimes  epithymum  Rafinesque,  Fl.  Tellur.,  4:91,  1836. 

For  European  synonymy  see  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:461,  1859. 

Stems  slender,  sometimes  reddish  or  purplish.  Flowers  about  3  mm. 
long,  pentamerous,  sessile  and  numerous  in  dense  compact  clusters; 
calyx  as  long  as  or  shorter  than  the  corolla  tube,  the  lobes  triangular, 
acute,  sometimes  purplish  tipped;  corolla  campanulate;  lobes  triangular, 
acute,  spreading,  shorter  than  the  tube;  scales  more  or  less  spatula te, 
shorter  than  the  tube,  fringed  about  the  upper  part,  bridged  at  about  a 
third  of  their  height;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes;  filaments  longer  than 
the  oval  anthers;  ovary  globose,  with  a  slightly  thickened  apex;  styles 
and  stigmas  about  twice  as  long  as  the  ovary;  stigmas  filiform,  slightly 
longer  than  the  style.  Capsule  globose,  circumscissile,  capped  by  the 
withered  corolla;  seeds  about  1mm.  long,  rather  rough,  angled,  compressed, 
ovate;  usually  four  in  a  capsule;  hilum  short,  oblong,  transverse. 

C.  trifolii,  which  is  ordinarily  considered  as  a  synonjTn  of  C.  epithymum,  is  believed  by 
Simkovics  (Magyar  Novenytani  Lapok.  Klausenburg,  2:145-153,  1878.  Abs.  in  Just  Bot. 
Jahresb.,  6M332,  1880)  to  be  a  hybrid  of  C  epithymum  and  C.  europaea. 

Type  locality:  The  prototype  of  Bauhin  probably  from  Switzerland. 
Range:     Throughout  North  America  on  leguminous  hosts. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Massachusetts;  North  Worcester  (Lowe  in 
1916),  Nantucket  (Moore  in  1918).  Connecticut;  Hartford  (Bissell  1900,  Parlin  875),  South- 
ington  (Bissell  47,  78,  158).  Vermont;  Manchester  (Day  409).  New  York;  LeRoy  (Hill 
68-1909).  Pennsylvania;  Bethlehem  (Bechdolt  in  1889),  Newcastle  (Johnston  in  1904). 
JlfaryZan<?;  Baltimore  Co.  (Schurtzin  1907).  IficAJgan;  Memphis  (Ward),  Shelby  (Wear). 
Missouri  (Martin  in  1889),  Cassidy  (Davis  561).     Washington;  Seattle  (Piper  in  1898). 

Mexico:    Mexico  (Pringle  8514).     Coahuila;  Saltillo  (Hitchcock  in  1910). 

Cuscuta  planiflora  Tenore 
[Figures  4,  64  and  129] 
C.  planiflora'Tenoxe,  Fl.  Nap.,  3:250,  1824-1829.— Engelmaim,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis, 
1:464,1859. 


113]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  23 

C.  gracilis  Rydberg,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  28:501,  1901. 
C.  anthemi  Nelson,  Bot.  Gaz.,  37:277,  1904. 

For  the  Old  World  synonymy  see  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci. 
St.  Louis,  1:464,  1859.  Our  form  appears  to  be  the  same  as  C  planiflora 
approximata  Engelmann,  but  in  the  absence  of  sufficient  foreign  materials 
for  study  this  cannot  be  stated  for  a  fact. 

Stems  slender.  Flowers  glabrous,  about  2  mm,  long,  membranaceous 
or  somewhat  fleshy,  white,  sessile,  in  dense  globular  clusters;  calyx  lobes 
as  long  as  the  corolla,  broadly  ovate,  overlapping,  somewhat  keeled, 
fleshy  pointed  at  the  apex;  corolla  tube  cylindrical,  becoming  urceolate 
in  fruit;  lobes  spreading,  oval,  obtuse  to  slightly  acutish;  scales  ovate, 
about  reaching  the  filaments,  crenulate  about  the  upper  portion,  bridged 
somewhat  below  the  middle;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes;  filaments 
slightly  subulate,  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  oval,  sagittate,  versatile 
anthers;  ovary  globose;  styles  slightly  subulate,  equal,  (including  the 
stigmas)  longer  than  the  ovary;  stigmas  curving  and  reddish,  about  as 
long  as  the  styles.  Capsule  globose,  circumscissile,  the  withered  corolla 
carried  at  the  apex;  seeds  about  1  mm.  long,  light  brown,  finely  punctated 
and  more  or  less  scurfy,  usually  four  in  a  capsule,  oval,  or  somewhat  oblong, 
angled,  rather  robust;  hilum  short,  oblong,  transverse  or  oblique,  some- 
times scarcely  visible. 

Type  locality:  Probably  near  Naples,  Italy.  Type  not  seen.  Range 
in  North  America:  Throughout  most  of  the  western  states  from  Wash- 
ington and  Wyoming  south  to  Colorado  and  New  Mexico,  mainly  on 
leguminous  hosts. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Wyoming;  Between  Sheridan  and  Buffalo 
(Tweedy  3492,  the  type  of  C.  gracilis,  in  the  N.  Y.  Bot.  Gard.  Herb.),  Little  Goose  Fields 
(Willets  558),  Laramie  (Nelson  1139,  1210),  Teton  Forest  Reserve  (Brandegee  in  1897), 
Wheatland  (Fay  in  1914),  Seminole  Mts.  (Nelson  4936,  the  type  of  C.  anthemi,  in  the  Rky. 
Mt.  Herb.  Univ.  Wyo.).  Utah;  Salt  Lake  City  (Garrett  1002,  Smith  1831),  Ogden  (Tracy  & 
Evans  in  1887),  Provo  (Tracy  in  1887),  Little  Springs  (Rydberg  &  Garrett  8541),  without 
indication  of  locality  (Hillman  in  1899).  Nevada;  Reno  (Heizer  345,  Hillman),  Ormsby  Co. 
(Baker  1477),  Nevada  City  (Hurst  in  1890).  Colorado;  Fort  Collins  (without  indication  of 
collector  4222).  -Washington;  Cascs.de  Mts.  (Kammerer  98) .  Orcgo??;  Powder  River  Valley 
(Cusick  2341).  New  Mexico;  San  Juan  Co.  (Standley  8058).  California;  Siskiyou  Co. 
(Brown  492),  Yreka  (Butler  536). 

Cuscuta  europaea  Linnaeus 
[Figures  5,  85  and  144] 
C.  europaea  Linnaeus,  Spec.  PI,  p.  124,  1753. — Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis, 
1:468,  1859. 

No  American  synonymy.  For  the  foreign  synonymy  see  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci. 
St.  Louis,  1:468,  1859. 

Stems  medium  to  slender.  Flowers  about  2-3  mm.  long  on  short, 
thick  pedicels  in  globular,  compact  clusters,  glabrous,  mostly  tetramerous, 
infrequently  tri-  or  pentamerous;  calyx  lobes  ovate,  obtuse,  shorter  than 


24  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [114 

the  corolla  tube;  corolla  tube  campanulate,  becoming  urceolate  as  the 
fruit  develops;  lobes  upright  to  spreading,  triangular,  obtuse,  overlapping; 
scales  small,  thin  and  difficult  to  make  out,  shorter  than  the  tube,  bifid 
and  with  few  processes  which  are  most  prominent  towards  the  apex, 
bridged  at  about  a  third  of  their  height;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes; 
filaments  somewhat  subulate,  about  equal  to  the  oval  or  roundfth,  slightly 
versatile  anthers;  styles  shorter  than  the  globose,  slightly  pointed  ovary; 
stigmas  filiform,  as  long  as  or  shorter  than  the  styles,  styles  and  stigmas 
together  shorter  than  the  ovary.  Capsule  globose-conic,  capped  by  the 
withered  corolla,  circumscissile;  seeds  about  1.5  mm.  long,  usually  four 
in  a  capsule,  oval,  compressed,  slightly  angled;  hilum  oblong,  transverse. 
Type  location:  The  prototype  of  Bauhin  probably  from  Switzerland. 
Casual  in  North  America. 

Specimens  examined:    United  States:    Maine;  Gilead  (Furbish  in  1897).     California; 
near  Clear  Lake  (Bolander  2673,  in  part). 
West  Indies:    Haiti  (Poiteau). 

Cuscufa  epilinum  Weihe 
[Figures  3,  59  and  133] 
C  epilinum  Weihe,  Archiv  des  Apothekervereins  im  Nordlichen  Deutschland,  8:50-51,1824. — 

Choisyin  5>C.,   Prodromus,  9:452,  1845. — Engelmann,  Trans.    Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis, 

1:470,  1859.— Matthew,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  20,  pi.  164,  fig.  1,  1893.— Britton  & 

Brown,  Illustr.  Hora,  3:28,  fig.  2957,  1898;  2  ed.,  3:48,  fig.  3442,  1913. 

No  American  synonymy.     For  foreign  synonymy  see  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci. 

St.  Louis,  1:470,  1859. 

Stems  slender  to  medium.  Flowers  about  3  mm.  long,  glabrous, 
sessile,  in  scattered  compact  glomerules;  calyx  as  long  as  the  corolla  and 
somewhat  loose  about  it;  lobes  broadly  ovate,  acute;  corolla  urceolate, 
early  conforming  to  the  shape  of  the  capsule;  lobes  ovate-triangular, 
obtuse,  shorter  than  the  tube;  scales  shorter  than  the  tube,  spatulate- 
truncated,  crenulate  about  the  upper  portion,  thin,  bridged  somewhat 
below  the  middle;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes;  anthers  ovate,  sub- 
cordate,  about  as  long  as  the  somewhat  subulate  filaments;  ovary  depressed- 
globose;  styles  short,  about  equal  to  the  linear,  slightly  tapering  stigmas; 
the  style  and  stigma  together  much  shorter  than  the  ovary.  Capsule 
depressed  globose,  somewhat  angled  about  the  developing  seeds,  circum- 
scissile, leaving  the  obcordate  dissepiment  in  the  calyx,  carrying  the  with- 
ered corolla  at  the  apex;  seeds  frequently  occurring  in  pairs,  about  1.2  mm. 
long,  round  or  ovate  to  oval,  angular,  somewhat  scurfy;  hilum  linear, 
oblong,  transverse  or  oblique. 

Type  locality:  Probably  near  Minden,  in  Western  Germany.  Range 
in  North  America:  Eastern  and  central  United  States  and  in  Canada, 
always,  in  the  specimens  examined,  on  Linum. 

Specimens  examined:  A  fragment  of  the  type  in  the  Engelmann  herb.  United  States: 
Delaware;  Wilmington  (Canby),  Centreville  (Tatnall  in  1863,  Commons  in  1863),  New  Castle 


115]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  25 

Co.  (Commons  5850).     New  York;  Buffalo  (Clinton),   Albany  (Beck),  Kelloggsville  (Kil- 
borae  in  1882),  Greenwich  (Schrenk  in  1890).  Ohio;  New  London  (Dewey  in  1902.  Michigan; 
East  Lansing  (Wheeler  in  1899).    Pennsylvania;  Lancaster  Co.  (Porter  in  1863). 
Canada:     (Pringle  in  1880). 

Sub-genus  grammica  (Loureiro)  Engelmann 

Cuscuta  group  Grammica  (Loureiro)  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :459,  1859 

Grammica  Loureiro,  Fl.  Cochinch.,  1:170,  1790 

Kadula  Rafinesque,  Fl.  Tellur.,  4:90,  1836 

Anthanema  Rafinesque,  Fl.  Tellur.,  4:90,  1836 

Pentake  Rafinesque,  Fl.  Tellur.,  4:90,  1836 

Nemepis  Rafinesque,  Fl.  Tellur.,  4:91,  1836 

?Dastylepis  Rafinesque,  Fl.  Tellur.,  4:125,  1836 

?Eronema  Rafinesque,  Fl.  Tellur.,  4:125,  1836 

Lepidanche  Engelmann,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.  &  Arts,  43:343,  pi.  6,  1842 

Engelmannia  Pfeiffer,  Bot.  Ztg.,  3:673,  1845;  not  Torrey  &  Gray,  1841  nor  Klotzsch,  1841 

Pfeifferia  Buchinger,  Ann.  sci.  nat.,  Ill,  5:88,  1846;  not  Salm-Dyck,  1845 

Cuscutina  Pfeiffer,  Bot.  Ztg.,  4:492,  1846 

Buchingera  F.  Schultz,  Jahrb.  f.  Pharmacie,  1847;  (cf.  Bot.  Ztg.,  6:760,  1848) 

Cassutha  Des  Moulins,  fitudes  org.  cusc,  p.  77,  1853 

Flowers  sessile  or  pedicellate;  styles  usually  unequal,  distinct;  stigmas 
capitate;  capsule  circumscissile  or  remaining  closed.  All  of  the  species 
found  native  in  North  America  belong  here.  A  small  number  parasitize 
economically  important  plants.  * 

Key  to  the  sections 

Capsule  circumscissile eugrammica  (p.  25). 

Capsule  remaining  closed clistogrammica  (p.  47). 

Section  eugrammica  Engelmann 
Cuscuta  section  Eugrammica  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :476,  1859. 

Capsule  more  or  less  regularly  circumscissile.  Flowers  with  or  without 
numerous  subtending  bracts;  a  few  species  with  distinct  prongs  on  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  corolla  lobes;  styles  slender  or  tapering  from  broad 
bases.  Typically  of  the  southwestern  and  southern  United  States  and 
of  Mexico :  a  small  number  getting  over  into  the  West  Indies. 

Key  to  the  subsections 
Styles  subulate,  divisions  of  the  flowers  obtuse. 

Flowers  not  subtended  by  numerous  bracts subxjlatae  (p.  25). 

Flowers  subtended  by  numerous  bracts lepidanchopsis  (p.  29). 

Styles  of  about  the  same  thickness  throughout. 

Divisions  of  the  perianth  mostly  obtuse obtxjsilobae  (p.  30). 

Divisions  of  the  perianth  acute  to  acuminate leptilobae  (p.  36) . 

Subsection  subulatae  Engelmann 
Cuscuta  §  Subulatae  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :476,  1859. 

Flowers  large;  the  perianth  divisions  mostly  obtuse;  styles  subulate, 
stout,  upright  or  mostly  more  or  less  divergent.  T)^ically  Mexican  and 
West  Indian  species. 


26  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [116 

Key  to  the  species 
Calyx  lobes  orbicular  or  ovate,  overlapping,  without  dorsal  prongs  (sometimes  present  in  the 
first  species). 
Calyx  lobes  orbicular,  denticulate;  styles  longer  than  the  ovary  and  capsule,  intrastylar 

aperture  rather  small C.  erosa  (p.  26). 

Calyx  lobes  ovate,  entire,  styles  shorter  than  the  ovary  and  capsule. 

Calyx  lobes  ovate,  usually  as  long  as  broad,  styles  widely  divergent;  stigmas 
not  particularly  convoluted. 

Corolla  lobes  about  equalling  the  corolla  tube;  styles  broadly  conical 

C.  milraeformis  (p.  26). 

Corolla  lobes  usually  shorter  than  the  corolla  tube;  styles  not  so 

broadly  conical C.  jalapensis  (p.  27). 

Calyx   lobes   broader   than   long,   styles  not  so  widely   divergent;    stigmas 

rather  larger  and  convoluted C.  rugosiceps  (p.  27). 

Calyx  lobes  more  elongated,  each  with  a  dorsal  prong. 

Corolla  lobes  oblong,  obtuse;  scales  large,  about  reaching  the  filaments,  bridged  at 

about  the  middle C.  ceratophora  (p.  28). 

Corolla  lobes  ovate,  acutish;  scales  much  reduced,  shorter  than  the    tube,    scarcely 
bridged C.  chapdana  (p.  28). 

Cuscuta  erosa  n.  sp. 
[Figures  8  and  61] 

Stems  medium.  Flowers  glabrous,  about  3  mm.  long,  pentamerous, 
on  pedicels  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  flowers,  closely  clustered  about 
the  host  in  cymose  panicles,  somewhat  reddish  brown;  calyx  lobes  orbicular, 
obtuse,  denticulate,  overlapping,  cupped,  membranous  at  the  edges, 
fleshier  in  the  median  portion,  sometimes  with  a  short  dorsal  projection, 
nearly  distinct,  shorter  than  or  equalling  the  corolla  tube;  corolla  campanu- 
late;  lobes  upright  or  spreading,  about  as  long  as  or  slightly  shorter  than 
the  tube,  oblong,  obtuse,  some  flowers  possessing  more  or  less  of  a  horn-like 
projection  at  the  end  of  a  thickened  vein-like  elevation  on  the  dorsal 
surface  of  each  lobe  near  the  apex;  scales  broad,  fringed,  shorter  than  the 
tube,  bridged  at  about  their  middle;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes; 
anthers  oval,  about  equal  to  the  subulate  filaments;  styles  subulate,  longer 
than  the  globose  ovary.  Capsule  globose,  circumscissile,  usually  one 
seeded ;  styles  stouter  and  more  divergent,  the  withered  corolla  about  the 
capsule  or  capping  it;  seeds  about  1.5  mm.  long,  globose,  ovate,  compressed, 
with  a  short,  linear,  transverse  line  or  a  dot  for  a  hilum. 

Type  locality:  Sonora,  Mexico.  Range:  Arizona  and  northern 
Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  Sonora;  (Palmer  in  1869,  the  type,  in  the  U.  S.  Nat. 
Herb,  as  sheet  49,836). 

United  States:  Arizona;  Santa  Rita  Mts.,  south  of  Tucson  (Engelmann  in  1880, 
Thomber  7219,  7220). 

Cuscuta  mitraejormis  Engelmann 
[Figures  27,  71,  141  and  154] 
C  mitraejormis  Engelmann  in  Hemslej-,  Diag.  PI.  Nov.,  p.  54,  1880. 


117]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  27 

Stems  coarse.  Flowers  glabrous,  4-6  mm.  long,  pentamerous,  on 
short  pedicels  in  compact  globular  clusters;  calyx  lobes  about  as  long  as 
the  corolla  tube,  ovate,  obtuse,  unequal,  overlapping,  the  larger  lobes 
usually  strongly  and  unevenly  carinate,  the  others  less  so;  corolla  campanu- 
late;  lobes  ovate,  obtuse,  about  as  long  as  the  tube,  spreading  to  reflexed; 
scales  oblong,  sometimes  somewhat  truncated,  as  long  as  the  tube,  deeply 
fringed;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes;  filaments  subulate,  equal  to  the 
oblong  anthers;  ovary  conical;  styles  shorter  than  the  ovary,  subulate, 
continuing  the  outlines  of  the  ovary;  stigmas  capitate,  sometimes  slightly 
convoluted.  Capsule  5-8  mm.  long,  circumscissile,  with  the  withered 
corolla  about  it;  styles  widely  divergent  like  horns;  seeds  oval,  about  2  mm. 
long,  angled;  hilum  short,  oblong,  transverse. 

Type  locality:  "Enroute  San  Luis  Potosi  to  Tampico,  Mexico." 
Range:     Central  and  southern  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  Between  San  Luis  Potosi  and  Tampico  (Palmer  Dec. 
1878  to  Feb.  1879,  the  type,  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.).  Vera  Cruz;  Jalapa  (Rose  &  Hay  6170), 
Orizaba  (Smith  204).    San  Luis  Potosi;  Alvarez  (Palmer  137).    Michoacan  (Pringle  4330). 

Cuscuta  jalapensis  Schlechtendal 
[Figures  26,  65  and  66] 
C.  jalapensis  Schlechtendal,  Linnaea,  8:515,  1833. — Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis, 
1:478,  1859. 

Stems  medium.  Flowers  3-3.5  mm.  long,  glabrous,  pentamerous, 
in  dense  clusters,  on  pedicels  as  long  as  or  shorter  than  the  flowers;  calyx 
shorter  than  the  campanulate  corolla,  lobes  overlapping,  ovate,  obtuse, 
somewhat  thickened  and  verrucose  along  the  middle;  corolla  lobes  ovate, 
obtuse,  shorter  than  the  tube,  upright  to  reflexed;  scales  about  as  long  as 
the  tube,  fringed;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes;  anthers  ovate,  about 
equalling  the  slightly  subulate  filaments;  ovary  globose-conic,  styles 
shorter  than  the  ovary,  strongly  subulate.  Capsule  circumscissile, 
globose,  surrounded  by  the  withered  corolla,  the  conical  styles  widely 
divergent;  seeds  about  1.5  mm.  long,  ovate;  hilum  narrow,  transverse. 

This  species  is  closely  allied  with  C.  mitraeformis  but  seems  to  differ 
from  it  in  the  smaller  flowers,  more  globose  ovary  and  less  conical  styles. 

Type  locality:     "Prope  Jalapam  Mexico."     Range:     Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  (Miiller  in  1853),  Jalapa  (Schiede  152,  the  type  number, 
in  the  Engelmann  Herb.),  Mexico  City  (Bustamente  83),  near  Mexico  (Graham  250).  San 
Luis  Potosi;  San  Luis  Potosi  (Palmer  631).  Chihuahua;  Chihuahua  (Townsend  &  Barber  294, 
Pringle  291),  Sierra  Madre  (Pringle  1342). 

Cuscuta  rugo sleeps  n.  sp. 
[Figures  1,  70  and  155] 
Stems  coarse.     Flowers  glabrous,  4-6  mm.  long,  sessile,  in  compact 
clusters;  calyx  large,  campanulate,  nearly  as  long  as  the  corolla  tube; 
lobes  short,  broad,  unequal,  obtuse,  somewhat  lobed  at  the  sinuses,  over- 
lapping, frequently  carinate;  corolla  campanulate;  lobes  ovate,  obtuse. 


28  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [118 

spreading,  shorter  than  the  tube;  scales  reaching  the  filaments,  fringed, 
bridged  at  about  the  middle;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes;  anthers  oval, 
about  equal  to  the  somewhat  subulate  filaments;  ovary  small,  somewhat 
conic,  tapering  into  the  subulate  styles;  stigmas  large  and  more  or  less 
convoluted.  Capsule  circumscissile,  with  a  very  thick  apex  giving  the 
capsule  a  conic  appearance,  surrounded  by  the  withered  corolla;  seeds 
usually  four  in  a  capsule,  round,  compressed,  about  1.4  mm.  long;  hilum 
at  one  end,  short,  elliptical  or  a  dot;  umbilical  area  somewhat  finely  striated. 

This  species  resembles  C.  jalapensis  somewhat  in  the  shape  of  its 
capsule,  but  is  different  in  the  shape  of  its  calyx  and  the  short,  broad 
lobes;  from  C.  floribunda  and  C.  macrocephala  it  differs  in  the  short,  sub- 
ulate styles  and  the  thickened  apex  of  the  capsule. 

Type  locality:  State  of  Oaxaca,  Mexico.  Range:  Western  and 
southern  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  Oaxaca;  Sierra  de  San  Felipe  (Pringle  4967,  the  type 
in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb,  as  sheet  252,219).      Jalisco;  Volcano  of  Colima  (M.  E.  347). 

Cuscuta  ceratophora,  n.  sp. 
[Figures  29  and  72] 

Stems  slender.  Flowers  glabrous,  about  3  mm.  long,  pentamerous, 
sessile,  in  compact  clusters;  calyx  lobes  slightly  longer  than  the  corolla 
tube  or  about  equalling  it,  oblong,  obtuse,  with  uneven  edges  and  a 
mucronate  tip,  or  the  apex  more  obtuse  with  a  horn-like  projection  from 
its  dorsal  surface  near  the  tip;  corolla  lobes  about  as  long  as  the  campanu- 
late  tube,  upright  to  spreading,  oblong,  obtuse,  irregularly  toothed  at 
the  apex  and  with  a  subapical  horn-like  projection;  stamens  shorter  than 
the  corolla  lobes;  anthers  small,  cordate,  slightly  versatile  and  shorter  than 
the  somewhat  subulate  and  rather  stout  filaments;  scales  reaching  the 
filaments,  broad,  ovate,  fringed  with  short  processes,  bridged  at  about 
their  middle;  styles  stout,  much  longer  than  the  small,  globose  ovary; 
stigmas  capitate.  Capsule  globose,  circumscissile  with  a  small  opening; 
styles  subulate  and  somewhat  divergent;  seeds  not  seen. 

The  collections  of  this  species  are  all  rather  fragmentary,  but  it  appears 
to  be  well  characterized.  In  a  number  of  flowers  well  developed  buds 
were  found  between  the  calyx  and  corolla.  This  has  not  been  observed, 
so  far  as  recorded,  in  any  other  species. 

Type  locality:  "£tats  de  Michoacan  et  de  Guerrero,"  Mexico.  Range: 
Southern  Mexico  and  the  lesser  Antilles. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  "States  of  Michoacan  and  Guerrero"  (Langlasse  438, 
the  type,  in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb,  as  sheet  385,946).     Vera  Cruz  (Miiller  in  1853). 

West  Indies:    Curasao;  Patrick  (Britton  &  Shafer  3069). 
Cuscuta  chapalana  n.  sp. 
[Figures  11  and  69] 

Stems  medium.  Flowers  3-4  mm.  long,  glabrous,  pentamerous, 
subsessile,  the  pedicels  much  shorter  than  the  flowers,  in  compact  cymose 


119]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  29 

clusters;  calyx  deeply  divided,  shorter  than  or  equalling  the  corolla  tube; 
lobes  ovate,  acutish,  thickened  along  the  mid-portion  of  the  dorsal  surface 
which  bears  a  short  projection  near  the  apex;  corolla  cylindrical,  slightly 
baggy  in  the  basal  region;  lobes  shorter  than  the  tube,  somewhat  over- 
lapping, erect  to  spreading,  ovate,  acutish,  with  a  prong-like  dorsal  pro- 
jection near  the  apex;  scales  very  small,  reaching  not  more  than  the  middle 
of  the  tube,  oblong,  with  a  few  short  processes  at  the  truncated  apex, 
scarcely  bridged;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes;  filaments  shorter  than 
the  somewhat  oval,  subsessile  anthers;  styles  subulate,  as  long  as  or  shorter 
than  the  small,  globose-conic  ovary;  stigmas  capitate.  Not  seen  in  fruit, 
but  this  quite  evidently  circumscissile. 

This  species  resembles  C.  corytnbosa  somewhat  but  differs  in  its  more 
deeply  divided  calyx  and  subulate  styles. 

Type  locality:  Near  Lake  Chapala,  Jalisco,  Mexico.  Range:  Known 
only  from  the  type  location. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  Jalisco;  mountains  near  Lake  Chapala  (Pringle  5349, 
the  type,  in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb,  as  sheet  305,846). 

Subsection  lepidanchopsis  n.  subsect. 

Flowers  sessile  in  compact  more  or  less  continuous  clusters,  subtended 
by  numerous  bracts;  calyx  lobes  nearly  distinct,  obtuse. 

Only  one  species  has  been  found  so  far  in  this  section.  Some  specimens 
are  quite  similar  in  habit  to  C.  glomerata. 

Cuscuta  pringlei  n.  sp. 
[Figures  13,  119  and  152] 
Stems  medium.  Flowers  glabrous,  subsessile  to  sessile,  about  4  mm. 
long,  pentamerous,  compacted  into  dense  elongated  clusters  about  the 
host  plant  much  as  in  C.  glomerata  or  more  loosely  paniculate;  flower 
parts  somewhat  fleshy;  calyx  segments  slightly  united,  ovate,  cupped, 
appressed  to  the  corolla,  overlapping,  subtended  by  several  unequal  bracts 
of  much  the  same  shape  as  the  calyx  lobes;  edges  of  the  bracts  and  calyx 
lobes  slightly  irregular  and  the  thickened  median  portion  reddish;  corolla 
campanulate,  lobes,  oblong-ovate,  spreading,  about  as  long  as  the  tube 
and  with  the  edges  slightly  uneven;  scales  ovate,  reaching  the  filaments, 
copiously  fringed  with  medium  length  processes,  bridged  at  or  sUghtly 
above  the  middle;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes;  anthers  oblong,  about 
as  long  as  the  filaments;  ovary  globose-conic,  becoming  umbonate;  styles 
longer  than  the  ovary,  exserted  in  fruit.  Capsule  umbonate,  thickened 
at  the  apex,  circumscissile  with  a  slightly  jagged  edge  leaving  the  obcordate 
dissepiment  in  the  persistent  calyx;  seeds  usually  three  or  four  in  a  capsule, 
about  1.5mm.  long,  angled,  oval  or  roundish,  light  brown  or  chocolate 
brown,  mottled? ;  hilum  short,  oblong,  oblique  to  transverse  or  reduced  to  a 
roundish  dot. 


30  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [120 

This  is  the  only  species  seen  possessing  the  combination  of  circum- 
scissile  capsule  and  numerous  subtending  bracts. 

T>'pe  locality:     Hillside  near  Guadalajara,  Jalisco,  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  Jalisco;  hillside  near  Guadalajara  (Pringle  2472,  the 
type,  in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb,  as  sheet  49,852),  Vera  Cruz;  Zacuapan  (?)  (Purpus  8175). 

Subsection  obtusilobae  Engelmann 

Cuscuta  §  Obtusilobae  Engelmann,  Trans.  .\cad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :  479,  1859. 

Flowers  mostly  relatively  large;  caly^c  rather  deep;  lobes  obtuse,  more 
or  less  overlapping;  styles  slender.  Tjpically  of  Mexico,  the  West  Indies 
and  the  southern  United  States. 

Key  to  the  species 
Flowers  short,  the  corolla  lobes  about  equalling  the  tube. 

Caljrk  lobes  deltoid,  slightly,  if  at  all,  overlapping C.  applanata  (p.  30). 

Calyx  lobes  orbicular  or  ovate,  overlapping C.  tinctoria  (p.  31). 

Flowers  relatively  long;  corolla  lobes  shorter  than  the  tube. 

Cal>-x  deeply  divided;  lobes  orbicular C  floribunda  (p.  32). 

Calyx  cup  deep;  lobes  short,  broadly  ovate. 

Flowers  about  3  mm.  long;  scales  about  reaching  the  filaments,  bridged  at  the 

middle  or  above C.  americana  (p.  32). 

Flowers  about  5-6  mm.  long;  scales  shorter  than  the  tube,  bridged  below  the  middle. 
Corolla  bulging  outward  between  the  furrowed  stamen  attachments;  scales 

sparingly  fringed;  cal>TC  lobes  not  greatly  overlapping 

C  corymbosa  grandiflora  (p.  35). 

Corolla  cylindrical,  not  particularly  furrowed;  calyx  about  reaching  the  middle 

of  the  corolla  tube  or  shorter,  lobes  not  greatly  overlapping 

C.    corymbosa   styhsa    (p.    35) 

Corolla  c>'lindrical,  not  furrowed,  scales  prominent;  calyx  lobes  broad,  over- 
lapping and  somewhat  angled  at  the  sinuses;  stigmas  relatively  large .... 
C.    macrocepkala    (p.    36). 

Cuscuta  applanata  Engelmann 
[Figures  30,  68  and  132] 
C.  applanata  Engelmaim,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :479,  1859. 
C.  alaia  Brandegee,  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.  Bot.,  3,^2&,  1909. 

Stems  medium  to  coarse.  Flowers  glabrous,  pentamerous,  2-3  mm. 
long,  somewhat  fleshy  or  membranous,  subsessile  on  pedicels  shorter  than 
the  flowers,  in  dense  cymose  panicles;  calyx  slightly  shorter  than  or  equal- 
ling the  corolla  tube;  lobes  broad,  triangular-ovate,  obtuse,  frequently 
irregularly  keeled  in  the  median  portion  and  below  the  sinuses  down  onto 
the  short  pedicels;  corolla  campanulate,  conforming  in  shape  to  the 
maturing  capsule;  lobes  ovate  to  oblong,  obtuse  to  acutish,  with  slightly 
uneven  edges,  spreading,  nearly  as  long  as  or  equalling  the  tube;  scales 
longer  than  the  tube,  spatulate,  fringed  towards  the  apex  with  medium 
length  processes,  bridged  at  from  one-quarter  to  one-third  their  height; 
stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes;  anthers  ovate,  slightly  cordate,  about 
equal  to  the  filaments;  styles  exserted,  unequal,  as  long  as  or  longer  than 
the  globose  ovary;  stigmas  capitate.     Capsule  depressed-globose,  some- 


121]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  31 

what  four-sided  about  the  developing  seeds,  circumscissile,  leaving  the 
obcordate  dissepiment  in  the  calyx,  surrounded  by  the  withered  corolla; 
seeds  brown,  about  1.4  mm.  long,  oval,  usually  four  in  each  capsule; 
hilum  short,  oblong,  transverse  to  oblique. 

This  species  somewhat  resembles  C.  pentagona  but  is  easily  distin- 
guished from  it  by  the  circumscission  of  its  capsule.  The  type  of  Brande- 
gee's  C.  alata  is  a  small,  strongly  keeled  form.  Some  of  the  smaller  forms 
of  C.  applanata  approach  the  larger  forms  of  C.  potosina  but  are  differen- 
tiated from  them  by  the  possession  of  longer  styles  and  more  oblong, 
obtuse  corolla  lobes. 

Type  locality:  ''In  Arizona  Territory  south  of  the  Gila  River." 
Range;     Mexico,  Texas,  Arizona  and  New  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  San  Luis  Potosi  (Palmer  6313^),  San  Luis  Potosi  to 
San  Antonio,  Texas  (Parry  500).  Puebla;  Puebla  (Purpus  5730),  Tehuacan  (Rose  &  Rose 
11413,  Rose,  Painter  &  Rose  9887,  9888,  10275,  Rose  &  Hay  5866).  Durango  (Palmer  641), 
Mapimi  (Palmer  517).  Chihuahua  (Pringle  784,  Palmer  142  and  227),  Zacatecas;  San  Juan 
Capistrano  (Rose  2445).  Sinaloa;  Culiacan  (Brandegee  in  1904,  the  type  of  C.  alata,  in  the 
Univ.  Calif.  Herb.). 

United  States:  Arizona  (Wright  1623— 541,  Mexican  Boundary  Survey,  taken  as  the 
type,  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.),  San  Francisco  Mts.  Forest  Reserve  (Leiberg  5965).  New 
Mexico  (Wright  1625),  Rita  de  las  Frijoles  (Cockerell  20).  Texas;  Presidio  (Trelease  342), 
El  Paso  (Steams  205). 

Cuscuta  tinctoria  Martins 
C.  tinctoria  Martius  in  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:480,  1859. — Progel  in 

Martius,  Flora  Brasiliensis,  7:  379,  pi.  126,  fig.  6,  1871. 

Stems  medium  to  slender  or  in  some  specimens  rather  coarse.  Flowers 
glabrous,  4-5  mm.  long,  pentamerous,  sessile  or  subsessile,  sometimes 
subtended  by  an  ovate-orbicular,  cupped  bract,  single  or  in  dense  glomerules 
of  many  flowers;  calyx  lobes  unequal,  orbicular  or  ovate,  obtuse,  over- 
lapping, about  as  long  as  the  corolla,  sometimes  keeled;  corolla  campanu- 
late,  becoming  urceolate  in  fruit,  thinner  towards  the  base;  lobes  ovate, 
or  somewhat  oblong,  obtuse,  overlapping,  upright  or  mostly  spreading; 
scales  reaching  the  filaments,  bridged  at  about  the  middle  or  below;  stamens 
shorter  than  the  lobes;  filaments  about  equal  to  the  oval-oblong,  somewhat 
versatile  anthers;  styles  shorter  or  longer  than  the  globose  ovary,  becoming 
exserted  in  fruit.  Capsule  depressed-globose  or  infrequently  somewhat 
ovate  and  slightly  pointed,  circumscissile;  seeds  about  1.5  mm.  long,  three 
or  four  usually  in  each  capsule,  angled,  olive  brown;  hilum  oblong,  linear, 
transverse,  areola  dark  colored. 

Cuscuta  tinctoria  typica 
[Figures  16  a-e  and  79] 

Scales  abundantly  fringed,  bridged  at  about  the  middle;  styles  as  long 
as  or  usually  exceeding  the  ovary  and  capsule. 

Type  locality:  Oaxaca,  Mexico.  Range:  Throughout  Mexico  and 
to  Guatemala. 


32  ILUNOJS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [122 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  Oaxaca;  Oaxaca  (Karwinski  in  1827,  taken  as  the  type,  a 
specimen  in  the  Engehnann  Herb.),  Between  Victoria  and  Rio  Blanco  (Karwinski  in  1842). 
Jalisco  (Pringle  4529,  Pabner  579,  Rose  &  Pamter  7473).  Puebla;  Tehuacan  (Purpus  5708), 
Puebla  (Purpus  3553).  Coahuila  &*  Neuvo  Leon  (Pabner  918).  San  Luis  Potosi;  San  Luis 
Potosi  (Parry  ta  Palmer  631,  Palmer  87,  SchafFner  377,  781,  labelled  C.  zacatlascvli  n.  sp., 
Gregg  570).    Queretaro;  Queretaro  (Rose  &  Rose  11150). 

Guatemala:  (Heyde  287),  Quichd  (Heyde  &  Lux  2912),  Totonicapam  (?Lehmann 
1682). 

Cuscuta  tinctoria  kellermaniana  n.  var. 
[Figure  16  f-g] 

Scales  oblong,  quite  sparingly  fringed,  bridged  at  about  a  third  of  their 
height;  styles  shorter  than  the  globose-depressed  ovary  and  capsule. 

Type  locality:    Volcano  Agua,  Guatemala. 

Specimens  examined:  Guatemala:  Volcano  Agua  (Kellerman  7567,  the  tj-pe,  in  the 
New  York  Bot.  Gard.  Herb.). 

Cuscuta  floribunda  Humboldt,  Bonpland  &  Kunth 
[Figure  10] 
C.  floribunda  Humboldt,  Bonpland  &  Kunth,  Nov.  Gen.  et  Sp.,  3:%,  1818.— Choisy,  Mem. 
Soc.  Phys.  et  Hist.  Nat.  Geneve,  9:283,  1841;  and  in  DC,  Prodromus,  9:459,   1845.— 
Engelmaim,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:481,  1859. 

Flowers  about  4  mm.  long;  calyx  lobes  orbicular,  obtuse,  overlapping, 
shorter  than  the  corolla  tube;  corolla  cylindrical;  lobes  ovate-oblong,  obtuse, 
between  one-half  and  three-quarters  as  long  as  the  tube,  reflexed;  scales 
somewhat  triangular,  reaching  the  filaments,  rather  sparingly  fringed  with 
medium  length  processes;  filaments  subulate;  anthers  ovate.  Capsule 
globose  with  a  thickened  apex  and  ridge  or  collar  about  the  intrastylar 
aperture;  styles  longer  than  the  capsule.     Seeds  not  seen. 

The  fragment  of  the  type  from  which  this  description  is  drawn  is  in  the 
Engelmann  herbarium.  It  apparently  possesses  characters  that  distin- 
guish it  from  all  others. 

Type  locality:     "in  calidis  Novae  Hispaniae,  prope  pontem  Istlae." 

Specimens  examined:  At  the  Bridge  of  Istla,  western  Mexico  (Bonpland,  the  type,  a 
fragment  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.). 

Cuscuta  americana  Linnaeus 

C.  americana  Linnaeus,  Spec.  PI.,  p.  124,  1753. — Choisy,  M6m.  Soc.  Phys.  et  Hist.  Nat. 
Geneve,  9:282,  pi.  4,  fig.  4,  1841;  and  in  DC,  Prodromus,  9:459,  1845.— Engehnann, 
Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:482,  1859.— Progel  in  Martius,  Flora  Brasiliensis,  7:376, 
pi.  126,  fig.  1,  1871. 

Nemepis  americana  Rafinesque,  Fl.  Tellur.,  4:91,  1836. 

?Nemepis  prolifera  Rafinesque,  Fl.  Tellur.,  4:91,  1836. 

?Dastylepis  brownei  Rafinesque,  Fl.  TeUur.,  4:125,  1836. 

?Eronema  robinsoni  Rafinesque,  Fl.  Tellur.,  4:125,  1836. 

Stems  medium  to  coarse.  Flowers  glabrous,  2.5-4  mm.  long,  pentam- 
erous,  subsessile  in  cymose,  racemose,  compact  or  somewhat  loose  clusters; 
calyx  tubular,  as  long  as  or  somewhat  shorter  than  the  corolla  tube;  lobes 
ovate-orbicular,  overlapping,  obtuse,  short;  corolla  cylindrical,  included 


123]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  33 

in  the  calyx  with  usually  only  the  short,  ovate,  obtuse,  upright  to  slightly 
spreading  lobes  exserted,  but  becoming  exserted  on  the  capsule;  scales 
triangular,  or  sometimes  somewhat  oblong,  fringed,  shorter  than  the  tube 
or  sometimes  reaching  the  base  of  the  stamens,  usually  bridged  about  the 
middle  or  above;  stamens  subsessile,  on  filaments  shorter  than  the  anthers, 
included ;  anthers  oval  and  in  some  specimens  with  the  connective  produced 
into  a  slight  apiculation;  styles  longer  than  the  globose  ovary,  becoming 
exserted,  slender;  stigmas  capitate.  Capsule  globose-ovoid,  circumscissile, 
capped  by  the  withered  corolla;  seeds  about  1.5  mm.  long,  light  brown, 
usually  but  one  or  two  in  a  capsule,  ovoid,  slightly  compressed,  with  an 
indentation  running  lengthwise;  hilum  small,  oval,  oblique  or  reduced  to 
a  rounded  spot. 

It  is  rather  questionable  what  species  of  Cuscuta  Linnaeus  referred  to 
as  C.  americana.  It  has  been  thought  best  to  retain  the  name  for  this 
species,  as  indicated  by  Engelmann.  For  a  discussion  of  the  confusion 
regarding  the  name  see  Coulter  (1904). 

There  appear  to  be  two  forms  of  this  species  based  more  or  less  on 
difference  in  size.  One,  variety  congesta,  is  common  in  Mexico  and  the 
West  Indies,  while  the  other,  variety  spectahilis,  is  rather  closely  confined  to 
the  West  Indies. 

Cuscuta  americana  congesta  Progel 
[Figures  22,  109  and  138] 

C.  americana  congesta  Progel  in  Martius,  Fl.  Brasiliensis,  7:376,  1871. 

C.  congesta  Bentham,  Bot.  Sulph.,  p.  138,  1845. — Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis, 

1:482,  1859;  in  synon. 
C.  leiolepis  Miquel,  Linnaea,  18:247,  1844. — Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:482, 

1859;  in  sjmon. 
C.  surinamensis  Schilling,  Comm.  Lepra.,  p.  200,  t.  2,  1778. — Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci. 

St.  Louis,  1:482,  1859;  in  synon. 
C.  campannlata  Nuttall  in  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:482,  1859;  in  synon. 

Flowers  about  2-3  mm."  long,  closely  compacted  in  many  flowered 
clusters,  usually  dark  brown  in  herbarium  specimens;  stamens  frequently 
with  an  apiculation  of  the  connective;  capsule  ovoid,  usually  one-seeded; 
scales  ordinarily  bridged  above  the  center. 

Type  locality:  Acapulco,  Guerrero,  Mexico.  Range:  Throughout 
the  West  Indies  and  in  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined :  Fragments  of  the  types  of  C.  campantdata  and  C.  leiolepis  in  the 
Engelmann  Herb.  West  Indies:  Bahamas;  Cat  Island  (Britton  &  MiUspaugh  5925,  5963), 
Grand  Turk  Island  (Millspaugh  &  MiUspaugh  9029),  Governor's  Harbor  (Hitchcock  in  1890, 
Britton  &  Millsphaugh  5519),  Berry  Islands  (Britton  &  Millspaugh  2208),  Exuma  Chain 
(Britton  &  Millspaugh  2811).  Cuba;  El  Cobre  (Britton,  Cowell  &  Shafer  12887),  Rio  San 
Juan  (Britton,  Earle  &  Wilson  5917),  Guantanamo  Bay  (Britton  1910),  Santa  Clara  Prov. 
(Combs  546).  Jsla  of  Pines  (Britton,  Wilson  &  Selby  14493,  Britton,  Wilson  &  Leon  15321). 
Santo  Domingo  (Rose,  Fitch  &  Russell  3691).  Haiti  (Nash  &  Taylor  1578),  Les  Cayes 
(Favrat  41).   Jamaica  (Britton  3897),  Hope  Road  (Harris  6975),  Kingston  (Britton  3006, 


34  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [124 

Hitchcock  in  1890).  Si.  Thomas  (Britton,  Britton  &  Shafer  43).  Barbados  (Dash  628). 
Guadeloupe  (Pere  Duss  2468).  Martinique  (Pere  Duss  1878,  Sieber  91).  Grenada  (Broadway 
in  1905).     Curasao  (Britton  &  Shafer  3065). 

Mexico:  Sonora  (Hartman  236),  Guaymas  (Brandegee  in  1893,  Palmer  331).  Guerrero 
(Langlass6  127),  Acapulco  (Bentham,  the  tj-pe  of  C.  congesta,  a  fragment  in  the  Engelmann 
Herb,  taken  as  the  type.  Palmer  341).  Sinaloa;  Mazatlan  (Gregg  in  1849,  Rose,  Standley  & 
Russell  13727,  Brandegee  in  1893).     Yucatdn  (Linden). 

Cuscuta  americana  spectahilis  Progel 

C.  americana  speclabilis  Progel  in  Martius,  Fl.  Brasiliensis,  7 :377, 1871 . 

C.  spectahilis  Choisy,  Mem.  Soc.  Phys.  et  Hist.  Nat.  Geneve,  9:283,  pi.  5,  fig.  1,  1841;  and  in 

DC,  Prodromus,  9:459,  1845. — Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:483,  1859;  in 

synon. 
C.  globulosa  Bentham,  Bot.  Sulph.,  p.  138,  1845. — Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis, 

1:483.  1859:  in  synon. 

Flowers  3-4  mm.  long,  less  densely  compacted  in  fewer  flowered 
clusters;  flowers  ordinarily  of  a  lighter  color  and  rather  more  membranous; 
stamens  ordinarily  not  apiculate;  scales  somewhat  more  deeply  bridged 
and  fringed;  capsule  slightly  depressed  and  ordinarily  two-seeded  with  the 
seeds  larger. 

Type  locality:  "Hab.  circa  Bahiam."  Type  not  seen.  Range:  In 
the  West  Indies  throughout  the  Greater  Antilles  and  the  Leeward  Islands 
and  sparingly  in  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  West  Indies:  Baliamas;  Anguilla  Islands  (Wilson  7983). 
Cuba  (Linden  1994,  Wright  1659  in  part  &  in  1865,  Bro.  Hioram  2279,  Pollard  &  Palmer  393), 
Santiago  (Hamilton  16).  Porto  Rico  (Sintenis  3239,  Britton,  Britton  &  Marble  2227,  Heller 
1899,  6169,  Goll  565,  711,  Underwood  &  Griggs  636,  Britton  &  Wheeler  224,  Britton,  Cowell 
&  Britton  5379).  Virgin  Gorda  (Britton  &  Fishlock  1101).  St.  Thomas  (Kuntze  555,  556, 
Helton,  Britton,  Britton  &  Shafer  137).  Tortola  (Britton  &  Shafer  707,  Fishlock  489) 
Santo  Domingo  (Poiteau  in  1802,  in  1845,  Wright,  Parry  &  Brummell  391,  Fuertes  194). 
Haiti  (Nash  759),  Azua  (Rose,  Fitch  &  Russell  3853),  Santo  Domingo  City  (Rose,  Fitch  & 
Russell  3763).  St.  Croix  (Ricksecker  93, 313, 313a,  Rose,  Fitch  &  Russell  3604, 3608).  Mont- 
serrat  (Shafer  31).    Antigua  (Rose,  Fitch  &  Russell  3279). 

Mexico:  Guerrero;  Acapulco  (Bentham,  the  type* of  C.  globulosa,  a  fragment  in  the 
Engelmann  Herb.).     Yucatan  (Gaumer  705,  a  more  elongated  form). 

Cuscuta  corymbosa  Ruiz  &  Pavon 
C.  corymbosa  Ruiz  &  Pavon,  Fl.  Peruv.,  1:69,  pi.  105,  fig.  b,  1798.— Choisy,  M6m.  Soc.  Phys. 

et  Hist.  Nat.  Geneve,  9:276,  1841;  and  in  DC,  Prodromus,  9:456,  1845.— Engebnann, 

Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :483,  1859. 
Kadula  corymbosa  Rafinesque,  Fl.  Tellur.,  4:90,  1836. 

Stems  medium.  Flowers  glabrous,  4-7  mm.  long,  pentamerous,  sub- 
sessile  on  pedicels  much  shorter  than  the  flowers,  forming  a  more  or  less 
corymbose-paniculate  inflorescence;  calyx  membranous,  loose  about  the 
corolla,  angled,  lobes  short,  broad,  obtuse,  slightly  overlapping,  scarcely 
reaching,  or  exceeding  the  middle  of  the  corolla  tube;  corolla  more  or  less 
globular  and  furrowed  along  the  stamen  attachments  in  the  lower  part, 
or  cylindrical  and  scarcely  furrowed;  lobes  about  a  fourth  as  long  as  the 


125]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCVTA—YUNCKER  35 

tube,  ovate,  obtuse,  upright  to  spreading;  scales  narrow,  with  rather  short, 
scattered  processes,  shorter  than  the  tube,  adnate  for  the  larger  part  of 
their  length,  bridged  below  the  middle;  stamens  about  half  as  long  as  the 
lobes;  filaments  shorter  than  the  oval  anthers;  styles  longer  than  the  small, 
globose  or  ovoid  ovary,   becoming  exserted.     Capsule  small,   globose, 
circumscissile,    somewhat    glandular,    capped    and    surrounded    by    the 
withered  corolla;  seeds  about  1.5  mm.  long,  robust,  compressed,  one  to 
four  in  a  capsule,  oblique;  hilum  short,  oval,  oblique  or  transverse. 
Cuscuta  corymbosa  grandiflora  Engelmann 
[Figures  24  a-e  and  104] 
C.  corymbosa  grandiflora  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:483,  1859. — Progel  in 

Martius,  Fl.  Brasiliensis,  7:377,  pi.  126,  fig.  2,  1871. 
C.  popayanensis  Humboldt,  Bonpland  &  Kunth,  Nov.  Gen.  Sp.  PI.,  3:123,  1818. — Choisy  in 

DC,  Prodromus,  9:460,  1845.— Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:483,  1859;  in 

synon. 
C.  cymosa  Willdenow  in  Roemer  &  Schultes,  Syst.,  6:205,  1^20. — Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad. 

Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:483,  1859;  in  synon. 
C.  inclusa  Choisy,  M6m.  Soc.  Phys.  et  Hist.  Nat.  GenSve,  9:275,  pi.  2,  fig.  2, 1841;  and  in  DC, 

Prodromus,  9:455, 1845. — Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:483, 1859;  in  sjrnon. 
C.  patens  Bentham,  Bot.  Voy.  Sulph.,  p.  35,  1844. — Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis, 

1:483,  1859;  in  synon. 
C.  laxiflora  Bentham,  Bot.  Voy.  Sulph.,  p.  138,  1845. — Engelmann,  Trans.   Acad.  Sci.. 

St.  Louis,  1:483,  1859;  in  synon. 

Flowers  large  (5-7  mm.  long);  anthers  nearly  or  quite  sessile;  corolla 
furrowed  along  the  stamen  attachment,  particularly  in  the  lower  portion, 
bulging  between  the  furrows;  scales  set  out  on  more  or  less  of  a  ridge  away 
from  the  corolla  in  many  specimens;  capsule  globose;  calyx  more  than 
half  as  long  as  the  tube. 

Type  locality:  New  Granada?  Type  not  seen.  Range:  Central 
Mexico  south  to  Guatemala  and  Costa  Rica. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  (Berlandier  1103,  the  tj^  of  C.  inclusa,  a  specimen 
of  the  type  number  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.,  Hahn  18).  Lower  California;  Magdalena  Bay 
(Bentham,  the  type  of  C />a<e«5,  a  fragment  of  the  type  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.).  Jalisco 
(Pringle  4331).  Federal  District;  Valley  of  Mexico  (Pringle  11306  or  1130C).  Tepic; 
Acaponeta  (Rose,  Standley  &  Russell  14329).  rawajt///><w;  Victoria  (Palmer  56).  Guerrero; 
Acapulco  (Bentham,  the  type  of  C.  laxiflora,  a  fragment  of  the  type  in  the  Engelmann 
Herb.). 

Gautemala:  Alta  Vera  Paz  (von  Tiirckheim  II  1547),  Mazatenango  (Kellerman  4591, 
Bernoulli  59),  San  Felipe  (Kellerman  5576),  Acutima  (Smith  1912),  Solola  (Kellerman  5916a). 

Costa  Rica:     (Tonduz  11750). 

Cuscuta  corymbosa  stylosa  Engelmann 
[Figures  24  f  and  110] 
C.  corymbosa  slylosa  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :484,  1859. 
C.  stylosa  Choisy,  Mem.  Soc.  Phys.  et  Hist.  Nat.  Geneve,  9:283,  pi.  5,  fig.  2, 1841;  and  in  DC, 
Prodromus,  9:459,  1845. 

Flowers  shorter  than  in  the  preceding  variety  (4—5  mm.  long).  Corolla 
cylindrical   and   slightly,  or  not  at  all  ventricose;  calyx  not  ordinarily 


36  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [126 

reaching  beyond  the  middle  of  the  tube;  filaments  sometimes  as  long  as  the 
anthers;  ovary  globose-ovoid  to  conic.  Choisy's  figure  of  the  flowers  of 
this  variety  does  not  correspond  with  the  specimen  of  the  type  number 
examined,  showing  the  division  of  the  calyx  too  deep,  etc. 

Type  locality:     Mexico.     Range:     Central  and  southern  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  (Berlandier  822,  the  type  of  C.  stylosa,  a  specimen 
of  the  tj'pe  number  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.).  Federal  District;  Valley  of  Mexico  (Pringle 
6574).  Puebla  (Nelson  2014).  Vera  Cruz;  Vera  Cruz  (Parry  &  Pahner  in  1877),  Orizaba. 
(Miiller  1260),  Zacuapan  (Purpus  5745,  7564,  7775).  Hidalgo;  Zimapan  (Galeotti  1412). 
Mexico;  Toluca  (Andrieux  214),  Guadaloupe,  Valle  de  Mexico  (Bourgeau  in  1866),  Valle  de 
Cordova  (Bourgeau  in  1866).  Chiapas;  Comitan  (Linden). 

Cuscuta  macrocephala  Schaffner,  n.  sp. 
[Figures  19  and  108] 
C  macrocephala  Wilh.  Schaffner  in  herb. 

Stems  coarse.  Flowers  glabrous,  5-6  mm.  long,  pentamerous,  on 
pedicels  as  long  as  or  shorter  than  the  flowers  in  scattered  cymose  clusters; 
calyx  deep,  texture  thick  and  rather  fleshy,  nearly  covering  in  most  speci- 
mens the  cylindrical  corolla,  somewhat  angled  below  the  sinuses;  lobes 
short,  broadly  ovate,  lobed,  overlapping;  corolla  lobes  short,  broadly  ovate, 
obtuse,  overlapping,  lobed,  upright  to  slightly  spreading;  scales  deltoid- 
oblong,  shorter  than  the  corolla  tube,  shallowly  fringed,  bridged  at,  or 
somewhat  below,  the  middle;  stamens  sessile;  anthers  oval;  styles  much 
longer  than  the  globose  or  slightly  conic  ovary;  stigmas  broad  (about 
.8  mm.),  globular  or  slightly  conic.  Capsule  circumscissile,  globose,  the 
withered  corolla  carried  at  the  apex;  seeds  about  2  mm.  long,  one  to  four 
in  each  capsule,  oval,  angled ;  hilum  a  narrow  transverse  line. 

This  species  somewhat  resembles  C.  corymhosa  grandiflora,  from  which 
it  differs  in  the  corolla  not  bulging  between  the  stamen  attachments,  in 
the  somewhat  cordate  lobes  and  their  greater  overlapping,  and  in  the  more 
prominent  scales  and  larger  stigmas. 

Type  locality:  Culiacan,  Sinaloa,  Mexico.  Range:  Central  and 
northern  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined :  Mexico :  Sinaloa;  Culiacan  (Schaffner,  without  date  or  number, 
the  type,  in  the  N.  Y.  Bot.  Gard.  Herb.,  Brandegee  in  1904).  Tamaulipas;  Victoria  (Palmer 
52).  Lower  California;  San  Jos6  del  Cabo  (Brandegee  in  1897),  San  Bartolome  (Brandegee 
409),  Todos  Santos  (Brandegee  in  1890),  LaPaz  (Palmer  141). 

Subsection  leptilobae  Engelmann 

Cuscuta  §  Leptolobae  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:485,  1859. 

Flowers  mostly  smaller;  calyx  lobes  acute  to  acuminate;  corolla  lobes 
mostly  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  tube — in  the  last  three  species  some- 
what shorter;  styles  slender,  longer  than  the  ovary.  Chiefly  of  Mexico, 
the  West  Indies  and  the  southern  and  western  United  States. 

Key  to  the  species 
Calyx  about  equalling  or  exceeding  the  corolla  (shorter  in  C.  deltmdea). 
Flowers  ordinarily  at  least  2.5-3  mm.  long;  calyx  lobes  overlapping. 


1271  NOR^H  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER         37 

Anthers  subsessile  or  sessile,  flowers  tetra-  or  pentamerous C.  purpusii  (p.  37). 

Anthers  on  filaments  about  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  anthers. 

Scales  reaching  the  filaments,  fringed,  bridged  at  about  the  middle. 

Corolla  cylindrical,  lobes  lanceolate,  acuminate,  without  a  dorsal  pro- 
jection   C  choisiana  (p.  38). 

Corolla  campanulate,  lobes  ovate,  obtusish,  ordinarily  with  a  dorsal 

projection C.  odontoUpis  fimbriata  (p.39) . 

Scales  shorter  than  the  tube,  oblong,  toothed  about  the  apex,  bridged  below 

the  middle C.  odontoUpis  (p.  38). 

Flowers  mostly  smaller;  calyx  lobes  overlapping  in  one  species,  not  overlapping  in  the 
others. 
Styles  not  exceeding  the  ovary  or  capsule  in  length;  scales  rather  sparingly  fringed . . 

C.  potosina  (p.  39). 

Styles  longer  than  the  ovary  and  capsule;  scales  ordinarily  rather  abundantly 
fringed,  but  reduced  to  wings  in  one  variety. 

Flowers  reddish;  corolla  deeply  furrowed  along  the  stamen  attachments 

C.   partita    (p.   40). 

Flowers  whitish;  corolla  not  deeply  furrowed. 

Calyx  segments  not  overlapping,  as  long  as  the  corolla  tube. 

Calyx  segments  lanceolate,  acuminate,  scales  shorter  than  the  tube, 

fringed  or  reduced  to  wings C.  desmouliniana  (p.  40). 

Calyx  segments  mostly  triangular-acute  to  lanceolate;  scales  as  long 
as  or  exceeding  the  tube  (shorter  in  one  variety  of  C.  umbellata 
and  reduced  or  absent  in  one  variety  of  C.  gracillima) 
Corolla  lobes  entire. 

Flowers  2-7  mm.  long;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes; 
scales  bridged  below  the  middle;  flower  clusters  rather 
loose  and  diffuse;  stems  profuse. . .  .C.  umbellata  (p.  41). 
Flowers  about  2  mm.  long;  stamens  longer  or  shorter  than 
the  lobes;  scales  bridged  at  about  the  middle  or  reduced 
in  one  variety;  flower  clusters  globular;  stems  ordinarily 

disappearing  from  between  the  flower  clusters 

C.  gracillima  (p.  43). 

Corolla  lobes  deeply  serrated  or  lacerated. .  .  .C.  lacerata  (p.  44). 

Calyx  segments  overlapping,  shorter  than  the  corolla  tube 

C.  deltoidea  (p.  44). 

Calyx  much  shorter  than  the  elongated  corolla. 

Calyx  lobes  keeled  or  tuberculate,  pentamerous C  tuber culata  (p.  45). 

Calyx  lobes  not  keeled,  penta-  or  tetramerous. 

Flowers  3-4  mm.  long,  calyx  papillate;  corolla  papillate  in  basal  portion,  scales 

bridged  at  about  the  middle  or  below C.  leptantha  (p.  45). 

Flowers  4-5  mm.  long;  calyx  and  corolla  glabrous;  scales  bridged  at  about  a  third 
of  their  height C  polyanthemos  (p.  46). 

Cuscuta  purpusii  n.  sp. 
[Figures  23  and  90] 
Stems  slender  to  medium.  Flowers  glabrous,  pentamerous  (infre- 
quently tetra-  or  trimerous),  about  4  mm.  long,  on  pedicels  as  long  as  or 
longer  than  the  flowers  in  loose,  few-flowered,cymose  panicles;  calyx  nearly 
as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  corolla;  lobes  ovate-triangular,  acute,  some- 
what lanceolate,  slightly  lobed  at  the  base,  overlapping,  tips  somewhat 


38  ILUNOJS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [128 

divergent;  corolla  tube  cylindrical,  lobes  spreading  to  reflexed,  ovate, 
acutish,  shorter  than  the  tube,  somewhat  overlapping;  scales  nearly 
reaching  the  filaments,  spatulate,  fringed,  bridged  at  from  a  quarter  to  a 
third  of  their  height;  anthers  elliptical  or  oblong,  sessile  or  subsessile; 
styles  longer  than  the  globose  ovary.  Capsule  probably  circumscissile, 
though  not  seen  in  fruit. 

Type  locality:     San  Luis  Potosi,  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  San  Luis  Potosi;  (Purpus  ^72,  5444,  the  type,  in 
the  Univ.  CaUfomia  Herb,  as  sheet  157,411). 

Cuscuta  choisiana  n.  sp. 
[Figures  14  and  80] 

Stems  slender.  Flowers  2.5-4  mm.  long,  waxy  white  and  sometimes 
covered  with  white  or  transparent  pellucid  glandular  appearing  cells,  nearly 
sessile,  on  pedicels  as  long  as  or  mostly  shorter  than  the  flowers,  clustered 
in  compact  clusters,  each  usually  subtended  by  an  ovate  lanceolate  bract; 
calyx  lobes  pvate-lanceolate,  acute  to  acuminate,  overlapping,  about 
equalling  the  corolla  tube,  spreading  somewhat  at  the  tips;  corolla  cylin- 
drical-campanulate;  lobes  upright  to  spreading,  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
about  equalling  the  tube;  scales  reaching  the  filaments,  fringed  with 
medium  length  processes,  bridged  at  about  their  middle;  stamens  slightly 
shorter  than  the  lobes;  anthers  ovate,  sagittate,  versatile,  some  anthers 
showing  apiculate  connective;  ovary  globose-ovoid,  slightly  conical  because 
of  a  thickening  about  the  intrastylar  aperture;  styles  slender,  longer  than 
the  ovary,  exserted;  stigmas  capitate.  Capsule  globose,  circumscissile; 
seeds  2-4  in  a  capsule,  ovate-globose,  compressed,  slightW  oblique;  hilum 
short,  elliptical,  oblique. 

The  name  given  this  species  is  in  honor  of  J.  D.  Choisy,  the  first  botanist 
to  mongraph  the  dodders. 

Type  locality:    San  Luis  Potosi,  Mexico.     Range:     Central  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  San  Luis  Potosi;  San  Luis  Potosi  (Purpus  4971,  the 
^•pe,  in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb,  as  sheet  842,189),  Chapala  (Purpus  5036). 

Cuscuta  odontohpis  Engelmann 
C  odotUeiepis  Engehnann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:486,  1859. 

Stems  slender.  Flowers  white,  3-5  mm.  long,  pentamerous,  on  pedicels 
shorter  than  the  flowers  in  dense  cymose  paniculate  clusters,  usually  with 
a  broadly  ovate,  acute  bract  subtending  one  or  several  flowers;  calyx 
shorter  than  or  equalling  the  corolla  tube,  papillose- verrucose;  lobes 
broad,  ovate,  deltoid,  acute,  overlapping;  corolla  cylindrical  or  campanu- 
late,  lobes  shorter  than  or  about  equalling  the  tube,  ovate,  acute,  upright 
to  spreading  or  becoming  reflexed,  with  or  without  a  horn-like  projection 
on  the  dorsal  surface  near  the  tip;  scales  large,  oblong  or  somewhat  spatu- 
late, dentate  about  the  upper  portion  only  or  fringed,  shorter  than  the  tube 
or  reaching  the  filaments;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes,  anthers  oblong 


129]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  39 

or  oval,  about  equal  to  the  filaments;  styles  slender,  much  longer  than  the 
globose  ovary,  becoming  exserted  in  fruit;  stigmas  capitate.  Capsule 
globose,  thickened  at  the  apex,  readily  circumscissile;  seeds  about  1.2  mm. 
long,  light  brown,  generally  four  in  each  capsule,  angled;  hilum  linear, 
oblique. 

Cuscuta  odontohpis  typica 
[Figures  7  a-d,  116  and  153] 

Scales  oblong,  bridged  at  about  a  quarter  of  their  height,  shorter  than 
the  tube,  denticulate  at  the  truncated  apex  only,  corolla  cylindrical,  lobes 
acute. 

Type  locality:  Arizona.  Range:  Northern  and  central  Mexico  and 
Arizona. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Arizona;  (Wright  1624-529,  the  type,  in  the 
Engelmann  Herb.),  Santa  Rita  Forest  Reserve  (Griffiths  &  Thomber  21),  Santa  Rita  Mts. 
south  of  Tucson  (Engelmann  in  1880). 

Mexico:  Sonora;  Fronteras  (Hartman  52). 

Cuscuta  odontolepis  fimbriate  n.  var. 
[Figure  7  e] 

Flowers  shorter  and  campanulate;  corolla  lobes  more  obtuse,  sometimes 
mucronate  or  with  a  dorsal  projection;  scales  somewhat  spatulate,  bridged 
at  about  the  middle,  fringed  with  medium  length  processes. 

Type  locality:  Papasquiaro,  Durango,  Mexico.  Range:  Central 
Mexico  to  Costa  Rica. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  Durango;  Papasquiaro  (Palmer  412,  the  type,  in  the 
U.  S.  Nat.  Herb,  as  sheet  304,596).    Guanajuato;  Guanajuato  (Duges  in  188Q). 

Costa  Rica:     (Warscewicz  in  1848). 

Cuscuta  potosina  Schaffner 

C.  potosina  Schaffner  in  Watson,  Proc.  Amer.  Acad.  Arts  &  Sci.,  18:124,  1883. 

Stems  slender.  Flowers  glabrous,  about  2  mm.  long,  subsessile  on 
pedicels  shorter  than  the  flowers  in  cymose  panicles,  commonly  tetramerous 
or  pentamerous,  infrequently  trimerous;  calyx  equal  to  or  shorter  than 
the  corolla  tube;  lobes  triangular  acute;  corolla  campanulate  or  short 
cylindrical;  lobes  triangular  acute,  upright  to  slightly  spreading,  shorter 
than  the  tube;  scales  narrow,  oblong,  denticulate  or  fringed  about  the  apex, 
shorter  than  the  tube  or  reaching  the  filaments,  bridged  at  about  one- 
third  their  height;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes,  filaments  slightly  longer 
or  shorter  than  the  oval  to  roundish  anthers;  styles  filiform,  as  long  as  or 
shorter  than  the  globose  somewhat  ovate  or  depressed  ovary;  stigmas 
small,  capitate.  Capsule  circumscissile  with  a  small  irregular  opening, 
depressed-globose  or  ovoid,  with  the  withered  corolla  at  the  apex  or 
about  it;  seeds  about  1mm.  long,  one  to  four  in  a  capsule,  but  commonly 
only  one,  globose,  flattened  on  one  side,  rounded  on  the  other,  finely 
punctated;  hilum  linear,  oblique  in  a  definite  umbilical  area  of  slightly 
darker  color. 


4D  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [130 

Cuscuta  potosina  typica 
[Figures  28  a-f  and  88] 
Flowers  commonly  tetramerous.     Corolla  lobes  connivent  in  fruit  and 
corolla  carried  at  the  apex  of  the  somewhat  ovoid  capsule;  filaments  about 
as  long  as  or  shorter  than  the  anthers;  scales  scarcely  reaching  the  filaments. 
Type  locality:     Near  San  Luis  Potosi,  Mexico.     Range:     Central  and 
southwestern  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  San  Luis  Potosi;  San  Luis  Potosi  (Schaffner  779, 
the  type,  in  the  Gray  Herb.;  379).    Querelaro  (Rose,  Painter  &  Rose  %50). 

Cuscuta  potosina  globifera  Schaffner,  n.  var. 
[Figures  28  g-h  and  87] 

C.  globifera  Schaffner  in  herb. 

Flowers  larger,  commonly  pentamerous;  filaments  and  scales  longer. 
Capsule  depressed-globose,  surrounded  by  the  withered  corolla. 

Type  locality:  Near  San  Luis  Potosi,  Mexico.  Range:  New  Mexico 
and  Arizona  to  central  and  southern  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:    Uxited  States:  New  Mexico  Ss^  Arizona  Territory  (Rusby  295). 

Mexico:  (Pringle  7179).  San  Luis  Potosi;  San  Luis  Potosi  (Schaffner  780,  the  type, 
m  the  Gray  Herb.;  378).  Federal  District  (Prmgle  6575),  Tlalpam  (Rose  &  Rose  11215). 
Puebla  (Purpus  5709). 

Cuscuta  partita  Choisy 
[Figures  12,  118  and  156] 

C.  partita  Choisy,  M6m.  Soc.  Phys.  et  Hist.  Nat.  Geneve  9:284,  pi.  5,  fig.  3,  1841;  and  in 
DC.,  Prodromus,  9:460,  1845. — Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:487,  1859. — 
Progel  in  Martius,  Fl.  Brasaiensis,  7:386,  pi.  128,  fig.  6,  1871. 

Stems  rather  slender.  Flowers  glabrous,  about  1.5-2  mm.  long,  on 
pedicels  about  as  long  as  the  flowers,  in  dense  cymose  panicles;  calyx  loose 
about  and  more  or  less  spreading  away  from  the  corolla;  lobes  triangular- 
acute;  corolla  deeply  furrowed  along  the  line  of  stamen  attachment,  the 
corolla  bulging  outward  between  the  furrows;  stamen  attachment  evident; 
corolla  lobes  spreading,  triangular-acute,  nearly  as  long  as  the  tube;  scales 
fimbriate,  as  long  as  the  tube,  bridged  at  about  a  third  of  their  height; 
stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes;  anthers  oval  or  roundish,  shorter  than  the 
filaments;  styles  filiform,  longer  than  the  globose  ovary;  stigmas  capitate. 
Capsule  globose,  bulging  in  the  four  quarters  about  the  developing  seeds; 
seeds  about  1.2  mm.  long,  four  ordinarily  produced  in  each  capsule,  round, 
compressed;  hilum  oblong,  transverse. 

Type  locality:  "Hab.  in  Brasilia,  apud  lUheos."  Type  not  seen. 
Range:     Reported  only  from  the  Danish  West  Indies. 

Specimens  examined:  West  Indies:  (Boldingh  7081).  Curasao  (Boldingh  5481, 
Britton  &  Shafer  2915). 

Cuscuta  desmouliniana  n.  sp. 

Stems  slender.  Flowers  slightly  papillate,  about  2  mm.  long,  mostly 
pentamerous  or  less  frequently  tetramerous,  on  pedicels  as  long  as  or  longer 


131]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUT A— YUNCKER  41 

than  the  flowers;  calyx  lobes  triangular  or  lanceolate,  acute  to  acuminate, 
longer  than  the  corolla  tube  and  more  or  less  spreading  at  the  tips;  corolla 
campanulate;  lobes  longer  than  the  tube,  erect  to  spreading  and  sometimes 
reflexed  in  fruit,  lanceolate,  acuminate;  scales  shorter  than  the  tube,  oblong, 
sparingly  fringed  with  short  processes  about  the  upper  part,  or  reduced  to 
wings  on  either  side  of  the  filament  attachment;  stamens  shorter  than  the 
lobes;  filaments  longer  than  the  small,  oval  to  oblong  anthers;  styles  longer 
than  the  small,  globose  ovary;  stigmas  capitate.  Capsule  with  the 
marcescent  corolla  at  the  apex,  globose,  thin,  circumscissile,  usually  3-4 
seeded;  seeds  roundish,  ovoid,  about  1  mm.  long,  compressed,  angled, 
hilum  short,  oblong,  oblique. 

This  species  is  named  in  honor  of  Charles  Des  Moulins,  one  of  the 
monographers  of  this  genus. 

Type  locality:    Hills  near  Altar,  Sonora,  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  Sonora;  Hills  near  Altar  (Pringle  105,  the  type,  in 
the  Columbia  College  Herb,  now  at  the  N.  Y.  Bot.  Gard.).  This  specimen  seems  to  be  a 
mixture  of  the  following  two  distinguishable  varieties. 

Cuscuta  desmouliniana  typica  n.  var. 
[Figures  25  a-e  and  67] 
Lobes  of  the  calyx  and  corolla  triangular-acute  to  acuminate;  scales 
fully  developed,  fringed. 

Cuscuta  desmouliniana  attenuiloba  n.  var. 
[Figure  25  f-h] 
Lobes  of  the  calyx  and  corolla  narrowly  lanceolate,  acuminate;  scales 
reduced  to  wings  on  either  side  of  the  filament  attachment. 

Cuscuta  utnbellata  Humboldt,  Bonpland  &  Kunth 

C.  umbellala  HumbolcU,  Bonpland  &  Kunth,  Nov.  Gen.  Sp.  PL,  3:95,  1818.— Choisy,  Mem. 
Soc.  Phys.  et  Hist.  Nat.  Geneve,  9:284,  1841;  and  in  DC,  Prodromus,  9:460,  1845.— 
Engehnann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:487,  1859.— Progel  in  Martius,  Fl.  Brasilien- 
sis,  7:386,  pi.  128,  figs.  7  &  8,  1871. 

C.  parviflora  Willdenow  in  Engehnann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:487,  1859;  in  synon. 

Stems  slender.  Flowers  glabrous  or  infrequently  slightly  puberulent, 
2-6  mm.  long,  pentamerous,  on  pedicels  longer  or  shorter  than  the  flowers, 
forming  rather  dense  compound  cymes,  the  ultimate  umbellate  divisions 
of  3-7  flowers ;  calyx  turbinate,  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  campanulate 
corolla;  lobes  ovate-triangular,  acute  to  acuminate;  corolla  lobes  as  long 
as  or  longer  than  the  tube,  reflexed,  lanceolate  or  somewhat  oblong,  acute 
to  acuminate;  scales  somewhat  obovate  or  spatulate,  moderately  fringed 
with  medium  length  processes,  reaching  the  filaments  or  slightly  exserted, 
or  shorter  in  one  variety,  bridged  at  about  a  third  or  less  of  their  height; 
stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes;  anthers  oblong  to  oval,  shorter  than  or 
equalling  the  filaments;  styles  longer  than  the  globose  ovary;  stigmas 
capitate.     Capsule  globose,  depressed,  with  a  ring  or  collar  of  thickened 


42  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [132 

knobs  about  the  intrastylar  aperture,  circumscissile,  surrounded  by  the 
withered  corolla;  seeds  about  1  mm.  long,  angled,  oblique,  oval,  yellowish; 
hilum  oblong,  linear,  transverse. 

Cuscuta  umhellata  typica 
[Figures  9  a-e,  115  and  149] 

Flowers  usually  not  more  than  3  mm.  long;  corolla  lobes  lanceolate, 
reflexed;  scales  ovate,  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  tube. 

Type  locality:  Between  Queretaro  and  Salamanca,  Mexico.  Range: 
The  southern  United  States,  Mexico  and  the  Greater  Antilles. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Foot  of  Rocky  Mountains  (James,  on  Long's 
exped.):  New  Mexico;  (Stanley  7849,  Wright  371,  1627,  1636,  1639,  this  number  in  Herb. 
Boissier=C.  leptantha  typica,  Bigelow  in  1851,  Gregg,  Mulford  1078a),  Las  Cruces  (Wooton 
in  1895),  Dona  Ana  Co.  (Wooton  in  1895  and  in  1904,  W^ooton  &  Standley  3986),  Socorro 
(Plank  in  1895),  Gila  Valley  (Green  12953),  Gila  (Schott),  Gila  River  (Green  in  1880). 
Arizona;  Ft.  Verde  (Mearns  in  1887,  somewhat  fleshy  and  puberulent),  Santa  Rita  Grass 
Preserve  (Goodding  2482),  Beaver  Creek  (Purpus  8274),  Prescott  (Femon  1896),  San  Pedro 
River  (Hays).  Texas;  Laredo  (Nealley  100,  100a,  Mackenzie  81),  southwestern  Texas 
(Palmer  916),  western  Texas  (Wright  510).  Colorado;  Fremont  Co.  (Brandegee  407). 
California  (Lemmon).     Florida  (Garber  1883,  Simpson  361,  the  flowers  nearly  sessile). 

Mexico:  Mexico  Boundary  Line  (Mearns  640).  Durango  (Pittier  497).  Chilhuahua 
(Palmer  500,  Pringle  783).  Tamaulipas;  Victoria  (Palmer  411,  501,  506,  511),  Camargo 
(Gregg).  Oaxaca;  Cuicatlan  (Rusby  129,  somewhat  fleshy  puberulent).  Sonora  (Wright  695, 
Coulter  1010).  Puebla;  Tehuacan  (Pringle  6297).  Coahuila;  Torreon  (Palmer  471),  Saltillo 
(Gregg  490),  between  Queretaro  &  Salamanca  (Humboldt,  the  t}T)e,  a  fragment  in  the  Engel- 
mann  Herb.). 

West  Intdies:  Cuba  (Wright  3107).  Porlo  Rico  (Britton  &  Shafer  1866,  Britton, 
Cowell  &  Brown  4794),  Punta  Melones  to  Punta  Casabe  (Britton,  Cowell  &  Brown  4676), 
Cayo  Mertos  (Britton,  Cowell  &  Brown  4978).  Jamaica  (Broomfield  in  1847,  Britton  3102), 
Kingston  (Britton  &  HoUick  1737). 

Cuscuta  umhellata  reflexa  (Coulter)  n.  comb. 
[Figure  114] 
C.  californica  reflexa  Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.,  1:45,  1890. 

Flowers  large  (4-6  mm.  long),  corolla  lobes  lanceolate,  upright  to 
reflexed;  scales  profusely  fringed  about  the  apex,  spatulate,  their  lower 
half  so  firmly  adherent  to  the  tube  as  to  render  it  difficult  to  detach  for 
study.  The  large  size  of  the  flowers  and  compact  clusters  distinguish  this 
variety. 

Type  locality :  Roma,  Texas.  Range :  Texas,  Arizona  and  northern 
Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Texas;  Roma  (Nealley  338,  the  type  of 
C.  californica  reflexa,  in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb,  as  type  sheet  1,192).  Arizona;  San  Carlos 
(Ebert  in  1893),  Tucson  (Griffiths  2044,  Thornber  8959,  Engehnann  in  1880). 

Mexico:  Lower  California;  Cape  region  (Brandegee  in  1902),  west  coast  (Brandegee  in 
1893),  Carduana  (Brandegee  in  1893).  Sinaloa;  Culiacan  (Brandegee  in  1904).  Sonora; 
Pinacate  Mts.  (McDougal  26),  Guaymas  (Palmer  173). 


133]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  43 

Cuscuta  umhellata  dubia  n.  var. 
[Figure  9  f-g] 

Stems  very  slender.  Flowers  about  2  mm.  long;  calyx  lobes  triangular, 
acute,  forming  angles  at  the  sinuses;  corolla  lobes  about  equal  to  the  tube, 
spreading,  triangular-oblong,  acute. 

This  specimen,  which  is  fragmentary,  appears  to  be  distinct.  The 
stems  are  the  most  slender  seen  in  any  of  the  species. 

Type  locality:     Guaymas,  Sonora,  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  Sonora;  Guaymas,  on  the  sea  beach  (Palmer  1209,  the 
type,  in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb,  as  sheet  474,815).         •• 

Cuscuta  gracillima  Engelmann 
C.  gracillima  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :488,  1859. 

Stems  very  slender,  disappearing  early  from  between  the  flower  clusters. 
Flowers  smooth  or  papillate,  about  2  mm.  long,  on  pedicels  sometimes 
shorter  but  mostly  longer  than  the  flowers,  in  dense  clusters;  calyx  tur- 
binate; lobes  triangular,  lanceolate,  acute  to  acuminate,  longer  than  the 
tube  of  the  corolla;  corolla  campanulate;  lobes  about  as  long  as  or  slighty 
longer  than  the  tube,  triangular  to  lanceolate,  acute;  scales  ovate,  fringed, 
longer  than  the  tube,  or  much  reduced,  bridged  at  about  or  below  the 
middle;  stamens  longer  or  shorter  than  the  lobes;  filaments  slender;  anthers 
oblong,  oval,  somewhat  versatile;  ovary  small,  globose;  styles  capillary, 
many  times  the  length  of  the  ovary.     Capsule  tardily  and  irregularly 
circumscissile,  depressed-globose,  thin;  seeds  about  1  mm.  long,  one  to  four 
in  a  capsule,  ovate,  somewhat  oblique;  hilum  oblong,  oblique. 
Cuscuta  gracillima  subtilis  (Chaubard)  n.  comb. 
[Figures  1 7  a-e  and  82] 
C.foetida  Hooker  &  Arnott,  Bot.  Beechy  Voy.,  p.  304,  1838;  not  HBK,  1818. 
C.  subtilis  Chaubard  in  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:489,  1859;  in  synon. 

Flowers  glabrous,  pentamerous;  scales  well  developed;  stamens  longer 
than  the  corolla  lobes ;  the  typical  variety  of  the  species. 

Type  locality:     Mexico.     Range:     Central  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  A  fragment  of  the  tj'pe  in  the  Engelmann  Herb. 
Jalisco;  Manzanillo  (Palmer  949).  Sinaloa;  Mazatlan  (Wright  1264,  Rose,  Standley  & 
Russell  13727a,  13804).  Morelos;  Cuernavaca  (Pringle  6189),  valley  near  Yautepic  (Pringle 
8716). 

Cuscuta  gracillima  esquamata  n.  var. 

Flowers  frequently  tetramerous;  scales  lacking  or  reduced  to  but  a 
few  short  processes;  corolla  somewhat  glandular. 

Type  locality:    El  Taste,  Lower  California,  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  Lower  California;  El  Taste  (Brandegee  in  1893,  the 
type,  in  the  Univ.  California  Herb.) 

Cuscuta  gracillima  saccharata  Engelmann 
[Figures  17  f-g  and  81] 
C.  gracillima  saccharata  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :489,  1859. 
C.  sidarum  Liebmann  in  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:489,  1859;  in  synon. 


44  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [134 

Stamens  not  exceeding  the  corolla  lobes;  scales  somewhat  shorter  than 
in  var.  subtilis  but  fully  developed;  flowers  slightly  smaller,  densely  papil- 
lose. 

Type  locality:     Oaxaca,  Mexico.     Range:     Southwestern  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  Oaxaca  (Liebmann,  taken  as  the  type,  a  fragment  in 
the  Engehnann  Herb.)-     Guerrero;  Acapulco  (Palmer  51,  Herb.  Le  Jolis  in  1866). 

Cuscuta  lacerata  n.  sp. 
[Figure  18] 

Stems  slender.  Flowers  glabrous,  pentamerous,  about  2  mm.  long, 
on  pedicels  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  flowers  in  dense,  congested, 
paniculate  cymes,  the  ultimate  divisions  umbellate;  calyx  exceeding  the 
shallow,  campanulate  corolla;  lobes  somewhat  uneven,  lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate, with  scattered  deep  serrations;  corolla  lobes  much  exceeding  the  tube, 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  lacerated;  scales  exserted,  somewhat  spatulate, 
fringed,  bridged  at  about  a  quarter  of  their  height;  stamens  shorter  than 
the  lobes;  anthers  ovate-oblong,  rather  shorter  than  the  slightly  tapering 
filaments,  somewhat  versatile;  ovary  globose,  slightly  thickened  at  the 
apex;  styles  slender,  much  longer  than  the  ovary.  Capsule  globose,  with 
a  slightly  thickened  collar  about  the  intrastylar  aperture;  bearing  the 
withered  corolla  about  its  apex ;  seeds  one  to  four  in  a  capsule,  oval,  some- 
what compressed;  hilum  small,  transverse?. 

Type  locality:     Cuicatlan,  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  Cuicatlan  (Smith  406,  the  type  in  the  Gray  Herbar- 
ium). 

Cuscuta  deltoidea  n.  sp. 
[Figures  15  and  122] 

Stems  very  slender.  Flowers  glabrous,  pentamerous,  short  (mostly 
less  than  2  mm.  long),  on  pedicels  much  longer  than  the  flowers  in  congested, 
cymose-paniculate  clusters;  calyx  shallow;  lobes  short,  broadly  ovate, 
obtuse,  overlapping,  somewhat  verrucose;  corolla  campanulate;  lobes 
triangular-ovate,  acute,  becoming  reflexed;  scales  shorter  than  the  tube  or 
reaching  the  filaments,  fringed  with  medium  length  processes,  bridged  at 
about  their  middle;  stamens  slightly  longer  or  about  equalling  the  corolla 
lobes;  anthers  oval,  shorter  than  the  filaments,  slightly  versatile;  styles 
longer  than  the  globose  ovary,  becoming  exserted;  stigmas  capitate.  Cap- 
sule depressed-globose,  with  a  thickened  collar  about  the  intrastylar 
aperture,  circumscissile ;  mature  seeds  not  seen. 

This  species  differs  from  C.  gracillima,  which  it  resembles  somewhat, 
in  the  more  triangular-ovate  corolla  lobes  and  the  short,  broadly  obtuse 
overlapping  calyx  segments.  It  differs  from  C.  pentagona  in  its  shorter 
scales,  longer  stamens,  circumscissile  capsule  and  type  of  inflorescence. 

Type  locality:     Manzanillo,  Jalisco,  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  Jalisco;  Manzanillo  (Palmer  948,  the  type,  in  the 
U.  S.  Nat.  Herb,  as  sheet  208,677). 


135]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  45 

Cuscuta  tuherculata  Brandegee 
[Figures  20  and  78] 

C.  tuherculata  Brandegee,  Univ.  Calif.  Bot.  Publ.,  3:389,  1909. 

Stems  slender.  Flowers  2.5-4  mm.  long,  pentamerous,  on  pedicels 
longer  or  shorter  than  the  flowers,  in  umbellate-racemose  clusters;  calyx 
about  half  as  long  as  the  cylindrical  corolla  tube;  lobes  triangular,  acute, 
keeled,  giving  the  calyx  somewhat  of  a  squarish  appearance;  corolla  lobes 
equal  to  or  shorter  than  the  tube,  upright,  triangular-acute;  the  basal 
portion  of  the  corolla  papillate,  especially  that  part  enclosed  by  the  calyx; 
scales  about  reaching  the  middle  of  the  tube,  ovate,  fringed  with  short 
processes,  bridged  at  about  the  middle;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes 
or  slightly  longer  in  some  specimens;  anthers  oblong,  linear,  shorter  than  or 
equalling  the  filaments;  ovary  small,  globose,  pointed,  with  a  thickened 
ring  about  the  intrastylar  aperature;  styles  much  longer  than  the  ovary, 
exserted.  Capsule  globose,  umbonate,  circumscissile,  with  the  withered 
corolla  capping  the  capsule;  mature  seeds  not  seen. 

Type  locality:     Santa  Margarita  island.  Lower  California,  Mexico. 
Range:     Lower  California  to  New  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  Lower  California  (Brandegee  in  1915),  Santa  Mar- 
garita Island  (Brandegee,  the  type,  in  the  Univ.  California  Herb,  as  sheet  124,474),  San 
Jose  (Brandegee  404,  Grabendorfer  in  1899),  Pescadero  (Brandegee  in  1893),  west  coast 
of  cape  region  (Brandegee  in  1893).  Sonora;  Northwestern  Mts.  (Pringle  in  1884), 
Bavispe  (Hartman  179). 

United  States:    New  Mexico;  Gila  Valley  (Green,  3  collections  in  1880). 

Cuscuta  leptantha  Engelmann 
C.  leptantha  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :489,  1859. 

Stems  very  slender.  Flowers  3-4.5  mm.  long,  tetramerous  or  pentam- 
erous, on  pedicels  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  flowers,  in  umbellate 
clusters;  calyx  short,  campanulate,  lobes  triangular-ovate,  acutish,  some- 
what fleshy,  papillose,  about  reaching  the  middle  of  the  corolla  tube; 
corolla  cylindrical,  fleshy  and  papillose  in  the  basal  portion;  lobes  nearly 
as  long  as  the  tube,  upright  to  reflexed,  slightly  fleshy,  triangular,  lanceo- 
late, acute;  scales  oblong,  truncated  or  somewhat  deltoid,  shorter  than  the 
tube,  fringed  with  short  processes,  bridged  at  about  a  quarter  or  a  half  of 
their  height;  stamens  somewhat  shorter  than  the  lobes;  anthers  oval, 
shorter  than  the  slender  filaments;  styles  slender,  much  longer  than  the 
ovoid  ovary,  exserted;  stigmas  capitate.  Capsule  globose,  slightly  um- 
bonate, two  to  four  seeded,  circumscissile,  capped  with  the  withered 
corolla;  seeds  about  .8  mm,  long,  ovate,  brown,  oblique,  compressed, 
angled;  hilum  short,  oblique  or  transverse. 

Cuscuta  leptantha  typica 
[Figure  34  a-e] 
Lobes  of  the  corolla  ordinarily  four  (infrequently  five),  upright;  scales 


46  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [136 

oblong,  truncated,  sparingly  fringed  about  the  apex,  bridged  at  about  a 
quarter  to  a  third  of  their  height. 

Type  location:  "Western  Texas."  Range:  Texas  and  New  Mexico 
to  central  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Texas;  Western  Texas  to  El  Paso  (Wright 
522,  taken  as  the  type,  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.),  Prairies  of  the  Leona  (Wright  in  1852), 
Eagle  Pass  (Havard  4,  Howard  in  1888).  New  Mexico;  (Wright  1639,  in  Herb.  Boissier), 
Rio  Gila  (Green  275),  Sierra  Co.  (Metcalf  1290)?. 

Mexico:  Sinaloa;  Culiacan  (Rose,  Standlej'  &  Russell  14929). 

Cuscuta  leptantha  palmeri  (Watson)  n.  comb. 
[Figures  34  f  and  91] 
C.  palmeri  Watson,  Proc.  Amer.  Acad.  Arts  &  Sci.,  24:64,  1889. 

Lobes  of  the  corolla  usually  five  and  reflexed;  scales  more  deltoid  and 
copiously  fringed,  bridged  at  about  the  middle. 

Type  locality:  "At  Los  Angeles  Bay,  Lower  California."  Range: 
Lower  California. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  Lower  California;  Los  Angeles  Bay  (Palmer  544,  the 
type,  in  the  Gray  Herb.),  La  Paz  (Palmer  16,  Brandegee  406). 

Cuscuta  polyanthemos  Schaffner.  n.  sp. 
[Figures  31  and  92] 
C  polyanthemos  Wilh.  Schafifner  in  herb. 

Stems  very  slender.  Flowers  glabrous,  4-5  mm.  long,  pentamerous 
or  tetramerous,  in  umbellate  clusters  on  pedicels  usually  two  or  more 
times  the  length  of  the  flowers;  calyx  short,  not  over  half  as  long  as  the 
corolla  tube,  its  lobes  triangular,  acute;  corolla  tube  4-5  mm.  long,  cy- 
lindrical, slightly  tapering  towards  the  base;  lobes  triangular,  lanceolate, 
acute,  spreading  to  reflexed,  about  half  as  long  as  the  tube;  scales  shorter 
than  the  tube,  reaching  about  the  middle,  sparingly  fringed  with  short  proc- 
esses, bridged  at  about  one-third  their  height;  stamens  shorter  than  the 
lobes;  anthers  oblong-oval,  shorter  than  the  slightly  subulate  filaments; 
ovary  globose,  slightly  pointed  with  a  thickened  collar  about  the  intra- 
stylar  aperture;  styles  many  times  the  length  of  the  ovary,  exserted; 
stigmas  capitate.  Capsule  globose,  slightly  pointed,  with  the  withered 
corolla  carried  at  the  apex,  somewhat  glandular,  circumscissile,  leaving 
the  obcordate  dissepiment  in  the  calyx;  seeds  about  1  mm.  long,  usually 
four  in  each  capsule,  oval,  angled;  hilum  oblong,  oblique. 

From  C.  leptantha,  with  which  this  species  is  closely  allied,  it  differs 
mainly  in  the  greater  length  of  flowers  and  pedicels. 

Type  locality:     Culiacan,  Sinaloa,  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined :  Mexico  :  Sinaloa;  Culiacan  (Schaffner,  without  date  or  number, 
the  type,  in  the  N.  Y.  Bot.  Gard.  Herb.;  Brandegee  in  1904  under  the  name  of  C.  palmeri). 


137]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  47 

Section  clistogrammica  Engelmann 

Cuscuta  section  Clistogrammica  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:491,  1859. 

Capsule  not  circumscissile.  Flowers  with  or  without  numerous  suli- 
tending  bracts.  The  species  belonging  to  this  section  are  those  most 
commonly  found  in  the  United  States,  A  small  number  of  them  are  found 
in  Canada,  Mexico  and  the  West  Indies. 

Key  to  the  subsections 
Flowers  not  subtended  by  bracts  (sometimes  present  at  the  base  of  the  flower  cluster  in 

C.  denticulata);  calyx  segments  more  or  less  united platycarpae  (p.  47). 

Flowers  subtended  by  numerous  bracts;  calyx  segments  mostly  free. .  .lepidanche  (p.  72). 

Subsection  platycarpae  Engelmann 
Cuscuta  §  Platycarpae  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :491,  1859. 
Cuscuta  §  Oxycarpae  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:499,  1859. 

Flowers  membranous  or  fleshy,  mostly  pedicellate,  not  subtended  by 
numerous  bracts  (in  C.  denticulata  one  or  two  bracts  may  be  present  at 
base  T)f  the  flower  cluster). 

Key  to  the  species 
Capsule  globose,  more  or  less  depressed  (pointed  in  C.  decipiens  and  C.  indecora) ;  flowers  mem- 
branous or  fleshy;  scales  present. 

Flowers  mostly  smooth,  not  particularly  fleshy  or  papillate  except  in  one  variety. 
Corolla  remaining  at  the  base  of  the  mature  capsule. 

Corolla  lobes  obtuse;  scales  reaching  the  filaments;  pentamerous 

C    glandulosa    (p.  48) . 

Corolla  lobes  triangular,  acute;  scales  reduced  to  a  few  processes  about  the  apex; 

mostly  tetramerous C.    polygonorum    (p.  49). 

Corolla  lobes  acute,  with  inflexed  tips;  scales  prominent;  pentamerous. 

Flowers  about  2-3  mm.  long,  scales  rather  deeply  fringed,  exceeding  the 

length  of  the  tube C.  pentagona  (p.  50). 

Flowers  2.5-5  mm.  long,  scales  rather  shallowly  fringed,  not  reaching  the 

filaments C.  plaUensis  (p.  53). 

Corolla  carried  at  the  apex  of  the  capsule  like  a  hood;  mostly  tetramerous 

C.  cephalanthi  (p.  53) 

Corolla  surrounding  the  capsule;  calyx  lobes  not  overlapping;  pentamerous. 

Calyx  lobes  not  reaching  the  middle  of  the  corolla,  deltoid 

C   racemosa   chiliana   (p.  54). 

Calyx  lobes  usually  exceeding  the  middle  of  the  corolla,  ovate 

C.    decipiens    (p.  55). 

Flowers  fleshy,  cells  more  or  less  lens  shaped  giving  the  flowers  a  slightly  papillate 
appearance,  tips  of  corolla  lobes  inflexed. 

Flowers  mostly  tetramerous;  scales  rudimentary,  represented  by  toothed  wings 

C     coryli     (p.  55). 

Flowers  mostly  pentamerous;  scales  prominent C.  indecora  (p.  57). 

Capsule  globose  or  conic;  scales  represented  by  very  short  bridges  and  the  slight  beginning  of 
a  wing  along  the  stamen  attachent  in  some  specimens. 

Flowers  fleshy,  papillate;  corolla  lobes  less  than  half  as  long  as  the  corolla  tube 

C.     jepsonii     (p.  59). 

Flowers  not  fleshy;  corolla  lobes  greater  than  half  as  long  as  the  corolla  tube 

C  californica  (p.  60). 


48  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [138 

Capsule  globose-ovoid  to  conic  or  long  beaked;  scales  present,  prominent,  or  but  fringed  wings 
along  stamen  attachment. 

Flowers  about  1  nmi.  long,  frequently  tetramerous;  corolla  lobes  with  inflexed  tips 

C.  harperi  (p.  63). 

Flowers  larger,  nearly  always  pentamerous;  corolla  lobes  not  inflexed  at  the  tips. 

Capsule  globose,  flask-shaped  with  a  long  neck;  flowers  relatively  large 

C.  rosUrata  (p.  63). 

Capsule  globose-ovoid  or  conic. 

Calyx  lobes  ovate,  obtuse,  mostly  even;  capsule  globose-ovoid,  more  or  less 
pointed. 

Capsule  3-5  mm.  wide;  scales  ordinarily  not  truncated  or  bifid;  styles 

usually  at  least  one- third  the  length  of  the  capsule .  C.  gronovii  (p.  64). 

Capsule  3-6  mm.  wide;  scales  truncated  or  bifid;  styles  relatively  shorter, 

usually  about  one-fourth  the  length  of  the  capsule. .  C.  citfta  (p.  67). 

Calyx  lobes  orbicidar,  denticulated;  capsule  globose-ovoid 

C.    denticulata    (p.  68). 

Calyx  lobes  deltoid  or  lanceolate,  acute  to  acuminate. 

Scales  reaching  the  filaments,  bridged  at  about  the  middle 

C.     veatchii    (p.  69). 

Scales  shorter  than  the  tube,  shallowly  fringed  or  reduced  to  wings,  bridged 
below  the  middle. 
Calyx  lobes  shorter  than  the  tube,  overlapping;  flowers  5-6  mm. 

long C.  subindusa  (p.  69). 

Calyx  lobes  equalling  the  tube,  not  overlapping;  flowers  2-4.5  mm. 
long C.  salina  (p.  70). 

Cuscuta  glandidosa  (Engelmann)  Small 

[Figures  41,  125  and  143] 

C.  glandidosa  (Engelmann)  Small,  Flora  So.  East.  U.  S.,  p.  969,  1903. 

C.  obtusiflora  glandidosa  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:492,  1859. 

Stems  medium.  Flowers  glabrous,  about  2  mm.  long,  pentamerous, 
subsessile  to  sessile  in  globular,  compact  clusters;  calyx  shorter  than  or 
nearly  as  long  as  the  corolla  tube;  lobes  ovate,  obtuse,  slightly  overlapping; 
corolla  campanulate;  lobes  shorter  than  the  tube,  ovate,  obtuse,  upright 
to  spreading,  often  becoming  reflexed  as  the  fruit  matures;  scales  as  long 
as  the  tube,  fimbriate,  prominent,  or  somewhat  shorter  and  slightly  bifid; 
stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes;  filaments  longer  than  the  oval  anthers  and 
somewhat  subulate;  styles  longer  than  or  equal  to  the  globose  ovary. 
Capsule  depressed-globose,  angled  by  the  developing  seeds;  seeds  ordinarily 
two  to  four  in  each  capsule,  brown,  oval;  hilum  oblique  or  transverse  and 
at  one  side,  oblong. 

The  whole  flower  is  more  or  less  dotted  with  glandular-like  cells  and 
reddish.  This  species,  which  in  many  respects  resembles  C.  polygonorum, 
differs  in  the  pentamerous  flowers,  with  more  prominent  scales  and  in  the 
obtuse  corolla  lobes. 

Type  locality:  Georgia.  Range:  Throughout  the  southern  United 
States  from  California  to  Florida  and  in  the  Greater  Antilles  and  northern 
Mexico. 


139]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  49 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Texas;  San  Marcos  (Nealley  92),  Dallas 
(Reverchon  in  1878),  Rio  San  Pedro  (Bigelow  in  1850,  Schott  in  1851),  western  Texas  to 
El  Paso  (Wright  in  1849).  California;  San  Bernardino  Co.  (Parish),  San  Bernardino  (Parish 
in  1898).  Indian  Territory;  Sapulpa  (Bush  1405).  Louisiana  (Tainturier;  Langlois  237). 
Georgia  (Boykin  in  1838,  taken  as  the  type,  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.).  Florida  (Rugel  400), 
Jamony  (Rugel  in  1843),  St.  George's  Island  (herb.  Chapman  in  1863). 

West  Indies:  Porto  Rico;  Sierra  de  Naguabo  (Britton,  Britton  &  Cowell  2109).  Cuba 
(Wright  in  1865,  van  Hermann  686);  Habana  (Wilson  1111,  1129). 

Mexico:    Durango;  Durango  (Palmer  605). 

Cuscuta  polygonorum  Engelmann 

[Figures  39,  107  and  150] 

C.  polygonorum  Engelmann,  Amer.  Joum.  Sci.  &  Arts,  43:342,  pi.  6,  figs.  26-29,  1842. — 

Choisy  in  DC,  Prodromus,  9:461,  1845;  not  Cesati,  1849. 
C.  chlorocarpa  Engelmann  in  Gray,  Manual  of  Botany,  p.  350,  1848;  and  Trans.  Acad.  Sci. 
St.  Louis,  1:494,  1859.— Britton  &  Brown,  Illustr.  Flora,  3:28,  fig.  2959,  1898;  and  2  ed., 
3:49,  fig.  3445,  1913.— Matthew,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  20,  pi.  165,  fig.  7,  1893. 

Stems  medium  to  slender.  Flowers  glabrous,  about  2-2.5  mm.  long, 
mostly  tetramerous  (infrequently  tri-  or  pentamerous),  subsessile,  in 
compact,  dense,  glomerulate  clusters;  calyx  lobes  triangular,  obtuse,  as 
long  as  or  longer  than  the  corolla  tube,  corolla  short  campanulate,  lobes 
triangular-acute,  upright,  as  long  as  or  slightly  longer  than  the  corolla 
tube;  scales  oblong,  about  reaching  the  filaments  or  shorter,  bifid,  their 
processes  few  and  short,  about  the  upper  portion,  bridged  at  about  a 
quarter  of  their  height;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes;  anthers  oval,  pollen 
sacs  sometimes  separated  by  the  connective,  shorter  than  the  subulate 
filaments  which  are  situated  more  or  less  directly  in  the  sinuses;  styles 
shorter  than  the  globose,  depressed  ovary, becoming  subulate  and  divergent. 
Capsule  globose,  depressed,  appearing  cubical  about  the  developing  seeds; 
intrastylar  aperture  large,  rhombic;  seeds  about  1.3  mm.  long,  yellowish 
brown,  roundish,  slightly  rostrate  and  compressed;  hilum  oblong,  linear, 
transverse  to  oblique. 

Type  locality:  "West  of  St.  Louis."  Range:  From  Maryland  and 
the  District  of  Columbia  west  to  Minnesota  and  Nebraska  and  south  to 
Tennessee  and  possibly  to  Texas. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Maryland;  Little  Falls  of  Potomac  (Mohr  in 
1882),  Glen  Echo  (Hillman),  Chesapeake  Bay  region  (Shull  393).  Delaware  (Tatnall). 
District  of  Columbia;  Washington  (Chase  2532,  Steele  in  1900).  Pennsylvania;  Lancaster 
Co.  (Porter  in  1863).  Ohio;  Ottawa  Co.  (Moseley  in  1898),  Florence  (Moseley  in  1897), 
Kentucky;  Bowling  Green  (Price  in  1898),  Harlan  Co.  (Lloyd  in  1888).  Crawford  Co. 
(Sears  in  1916).  Tennessee;  Nashville  (Gattinger  in  1881).  Indiana;  Whiting  (Hill  in  1891), 
Hanover  (Coulter  in  1876),  Grant  Co.  (Deam  15269),  Franklin  Co.  (Deam  in  1903),  Vigo  Co. 
(Deam  22182).  Illinois;  Elgin  (Umbach  in  1895),  Mt.  Carmel  (Schneck  in  1905,  in  1897, 
on  Pataka  Island  near  Mt.  Carmel  in  1879  and  one  collection  without  date),  Peru  (Engelmann 
in  1840,  taken  to  represent  the  type,  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.),  Wabash  Co.  (Schneck  in  1880). 
Urbana  (Clinton  30438,  Yuncker  1010,  1000a,  b,  c,  &  d),  Taylorville  (Andrews  in  1892  and 
in  1898),  Peoria  (Brendel  in  1892),  St.  Clair  Co.  (Eggert  in  1878).  Wisconsin;  Green  Bay 
marsh  east  of  Fox  River  (Schuette  95-11-7),  Beaver  Dam  (Chandler  485),  Madison  (Cheney 


50  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [140 

in  1889).    Minnesota;  Winona  (Holzinger  in  1888).    Nebraska;  Exeter  (Wibbe  in  1889,  in 
part),  Lincoln  (Hannah  in  1916).    Kansas;  Riley  Co.  (Norton  358). 

Cuscuta  pentagona  Engelmann 

C.  pentagona  Engelmann,  Amer.  Joum.  Sci.  &  Arts,  43:340,  pi.  6,  figs.  22-24,  1842.— Choisy 

in  DC,  Prodromus,  9:461,  1845. 
C.  arvensis  Beyrich  in  Hooker,  Fl.  Bor.  .\m.,  2:77,  1838;  ass>Tion}Tn  without  description. — 

Engelmann  in  Gray,  Manual  of  Botany,  (2  ed.),  p.  336,  1856;  and  in  Trans.  Acad.  Sci. 

St  Louis,  1:494,  1859.— Hilbnan,  Nev.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.  Bull.,  No.  15,  fig.  4,  1892.— 

Matthew,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  20,  pi.  164,  fig.  3,  1893.— Piper,  Wash.    Agr.   Exp. 

Sta.  Bull.,  No.  8,  fig.  2,  1893.— Britton  &  Brown,  Dlustr.  Flora,  3:28,  fig.  2958,  1898; 

and  2  ed.  3:49,  fig.  3444,  1913. 
hpithymum  arvense  (BejTich)  Nieuwland  &  Limell,  Amer.  Mid.  Nat.,  4:511,  1916. 

Stems  slender.  Flowers  2-3  mm.  long,  glabrous  to  papillate  or  ver- 
rucose,  pentamerous,  on  pedicels  as  short  as  or  longer  than  the  flowers  in 
dense  globular  clusters;  calyx  lobes  broad,  obtuse,  sometimes  overlapping 
and  angled;  corolla  broad,  campanulate,  lobes  as  long  as  or  slightly  longer 
than  the  tube,  reflexed  or  spreading,  with  the  tips  acute  and  inflexed; 
scales  longer  than  the  tube,  broad,  ovate,  deeply  fringed,  particularly  the 
upper  portion;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes;  anthers  shorter  than  the 
filaments,  slightly  versatile,  ovoid,  elliptical;  styles  as  long  as  or  slightly 
longer  than  the  globose  ovary.  Capsule  globose,  more  or  less  depressed, 
the  withered  corolla  remaining  at  the  base;  seeds  1-1,2  mm.  long,  light 
brown,  usually  four  in  a  capsule,  obovate  or  oval,  compressed;  hilum 
short,|linear,  oblique  or  transverse. 

Key  to  the  varieties 

Calyiqlobes  overlapping,  forming  angles  at  the  sinuses;  flowers  relatively  small typica. 

Cal>Tc\lobes  not  at  all  or  but  slightly  overlapping  and  not  forming  angles  at  the  sinuses; 
flowers  usually  larger. 

Flowers  smooth,  not  verrucose  or  pubescent calycina. 

Flowers  more  or  less  verrucose  or  pubescent. 

Flowers  more  or  less  verrucose verrucosa. 

Flowers  papillose-pubescent pubescens^ 

Cuscuta  pentagona  typica 
[Figures  2>2>  a-e,  112  and  127] 
C.  pentagona  microcalyx  Engelmann,  Amer.  Joum.  Sci.  &  Arts,  45:76,  1845. 
C.  arvensis  pentagona  Engelmarm,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:494,  1859. 
C.  globularis  Nuttall  in  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:494,  1859;  in  synon. 

Smallest  of  the  varieties.  Calyx  lobes  smooth,  roundish- triangular, 
overlapping  at  the  sinues  forming  angles. 

Type  locality:  Norfolk,  Virginia.  Range:  From  Massachusetts  to 
Florida  and  west  to  California. 

Specimens  examined:  U^nTED  St.\tes:  Fort  Smith  to  the  Rio  Grande  (Bigelow  1,  9). 
Massachusetts;  Winchester  (Bartlet  691,  696,  Femald  &  Weatherby  259,  Rich  in  1896), 
Cambridge  (Weatherby  in  1911).  Connecticut;  Oxford  (Harger  in  1891),  Simsbur>'  (Bissell 
in  1904).  District  of  Columbia;  Washington  (Blanchard  in  1890,  Hilbnan  m  1904,  Holm  in 
1893),  Eckington  (Boettcher  122),  Takoma  Park  (Painter  745).     New  Jersey  (Van  Sickle  in 


•    : 


141]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  51 

1894),  Landisville  (Gross  in  1882),  Cape  Maj'  (Martindale  in  1877),  Cumberland  Co.  (Parker 
in  1866),  Ocean  Co.  (Mackenzie  4782).  Virginia;  Suffolk  (Kearney  1583),  Luray  (Steele 
155),  Lake  Smith  (Hitchcock  in  1905),  Norfolk  (Hitchcock  in  1905),  Bedford  Co.  (Curtiss 
5840).  New  York;  Long  Island  (Bisky  in  1886).  Pennsylvania;  Susquehanna  (Ely  in  1888). 
Delaware  (Canby  in  1863),  Townsend  (Chickering  in  1873),  Wilmington  (Canby  in  1895), 
Pencader  (Tatnall  in  1884).  Maryland;  Spencerville  (Bond  in  1891),  Crisfield  (Holmes 
17188),  College  Park  (Blodgett  in  1903).  N.  Carolina  (Beyrich  in  1845,  the  type?  of  C. 
arvensis  in  the  Engelmann  herb.  McCarthy  in  1885,  Ashe,  Thaxter  in  1887),  Hillsborough 
(Curtiss  in  1843),  Beaufort  (Lewis  224).  S.  Carolina  (Ravenel),  Aiken  (Ravenel  in  1869). 
Florida  (Rugel  400a,  400b),  St.  Marks  (Rugel  in  1843),  Jacksonville  (Keeler  in  1889,  Curtiss 
2188),  Brevard  Co.  (Nash  2283),  Penscacola  (Mohr  in  1874),  Carrabelle  (Curtiss  5881), 
Biscayne  Bay  (Chapman),  St.  Augustine  (Reynolds  in  1872).  Alabama;  Mobile  (Mohr  in 
1888),  Valley  Head  (Ruth  477,  492).  Georgia;  DeKalb  Co.(Eggert  in  1897,  Small  in  1893), 
Whitfield  Co.  (Wilson  138),  Stone  Mt.  (Engehnann  in  1876).  Mississippi  (Tracy  in  1892). 
Tennessee  (Gattinger  in  1879),  Cocke  Co.  (Kearney  843),  Nashville  (Killebrew  in  1885), 
Knoxville  (Ruth  169),  Rutherford  (Eggert  in  1897).  Kentucky;  Bowling  Green  (Price  in 
1898).  Indiana;  Gibson  Co.  (Schneck  in  1906),  Ripley  Co.  (Deam  7101),  Vermilion  Co. 
(Deam  9871),  Orange  Co.  (Deam  17384),  Spencer  Co.  (Deam  28370,  28400),  Posey  Co. 
(Deam  25430),  Bartholomew  Co.  (Deam  12403).  Illinois;  Peoria  (McDonald  in  1904), 
Freeport  (Johnson  in  1900),  Beardstown  (Geyer  in  1842,  the  type  of  C.  penlagona  microcalyx, 
in  the  Engehnann  Herb.),  Henderson  Co.  (Patterson),  Cook  Co.  (Beal  in  1869),  West 
Pulhnan  (Lansing  2846),  Oregon  (Hill  128-1905),  Kankakee  (Hill  76-1871),  Glencoe  (Eggert 
in  1879).  Minnesota;  Minneapolis  (Sheldon  in  1891).  5.  Dakota  (Skinner  200),  Bad  Lands 
(Williams  in  1891),  Custer  (Coulter  in  1874),  Pennington  Co.  (Over  1907).  Nebraska 
(Hayden  in  1853-54),  Ewing  (Bates  698).  Iowa;  Ames  (Hitchcock).  Missouri;  Eagle  Rock 
(Bush  36),  Lee's  Summit  (Bush  138),  St.  Louis  (Eggert  in  1879),  Springfield  (Standley  8980), 
Dent  Co.  (Tracy  17189),  Iron  Mt.  (Tr^culin  1848),  Hillsborough  (Riehlin  1848),  Allentown 
(Letterman  in  1875),  Jefferson  Co.  (Eggert  in  1891,  and  in  1896),  Webb  City  (Pahner  432), 
St.  Francis  Co.  (Russell  in  1897),  Taney  Co.  (Eggleston  12247),  Willard  (Blankinship  in 
1889),  Maiden  (Bush  in  1893),  Shannon  Co.  (Bush  1007;  1062),  McDonald  Co.  (Bush  in 
1892).  Indian  Territory;  Cickasaw  Nation  (Sheldon  in  1891),  Colbert's  Station  (Sheldon  21), 
Colorado;  Paradox  (Walker  348).  Montana;  Glendine  (Ward  in  1883).  California;  Antioch 
Kellogg  &  Harford  780). 

Cuscuta  pentagona  calycina  Engelmann 
[Figures  Z^  f-g  and  113] 

C.  pentagona  calycina  Engelmann,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.  &  Arts,  45:76,  1845. 
C.  arvensis  calycina  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:495,  1859. 

Flowers  larger;  calyx  lobes  ovate  or  roundish,  shorter  than  or  longer 
than  the  corolla,  not  at  all  or  but  slightly  overlapping  and  not  angled  at 
the  sinuses. 

Type  locality :  Texas.  Range :  From  Virginia  to  the  Greater  Antilles 
and  westward  to  Saskatchewan,  Manibota,  California,  Texas  and  northern 
Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  (Wooton  2749),  Lat.  41"  (Harbour  464). 
Virginia;  Nansemond  Co.  (Heller  1135).  Tennessee;  Knoxville  (Ruth  in  1893).  Indiana; 
Clarke  (Urabach  in  1898).  N.  Dakota;  Big  Stone  Lake  (Griffiths  &  Slosser  235).  S.  Dakota; 
Brookings  (White),  Fall  River  Co.  (Visher  2596).  Nebraska;  Scotts  Bluff  Co.  (Rydberg 
264).  Missouri;  Courtney  (Bush  3013,  5855),  Carthage  (Bush  &  Pahner  3063),  Kansas 
City  (Bush  1750,  4068).    Kansas;  Manhattan  (Kellerman  50).    Arkansas;  Eureka  Springs 


52  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [142 

(without  designation  of  collector,  in  1898).  Colorado;  Grand  Junction  (Hedgcock  in  1901), 
Boulder  (Daniels  696),  Naturita  (Payson  588).  Nevada;  Reno  (Hillman).  Montana; 
Bozeman  (Blankinship  407).  Utah  (Jones  5482b,  5653,  Eastwood  91,  Rydberg  &  Garrett 
9918, 10013,  10014,  Hedrickinl899),SaltLakeCity  (McKinneyinl916).  Washmgton;Wa.its- 
burg.  (Homer  639).  Oregon;  Mouth  of  the  Walla  Walla  River  (Geyer  674),  Multnomah  Co. 
(Howell  336).  California;  Santa  Clara  Co.  (Abrams  2230,  Baker  1761),  San  Jose  (Rattan 
4d),  Redondo  (Grant  in  1901,  McClatchie  in  1892),  southern  California  (Grant  3629). 
Mariposa  (Congdon  in  1902),  Bouldin  Island  (Brandegee).  Arizona  (Rusby  245,  295),  Camp 
Lowell  (Rothrock  708),  Tucson  (Pringle  144,  13797,  and  in  1891),  Solomonville  (Goodding 
509),  Flagstaff  (McDougal  378),  Ash  Creek  (Rothrock  311),  Cosnino  (Jones  4032).  New 
Mexico  (Rusby  85,  and  in  1880),  Frisco  River  (Wooton  in  1900),  Chavez  (Wooton  in  1892), 
Dona  Ana  Co.  (Wooton  &  Stanley  3988  and  in  1906),  Mangas  Springs  (Metcalf  in  1903), 
Alberque  (Jones  4116  and  in  1884,  Herrick  in  1904),  La  Luz  (Wooton  in  1905),  San  Juan  Co. 
(Standley  6958).  Texas  (Thuron  in  1890,  Lindheimer  664,  126,  taken  as  the  type,  in  the 
Engelmann  Herb.,  Wright  in  1847),  Dallas  (Reverchon  in  1880),  Concho  (Havard  2),  San 
Marcos  (Stanfield  in  1898). 

Canada:  Assiniboia  (Macoun  11852).  Saskatchewan  (Drummond).  Manitoba;  Morris 
(Macoun  23972). 

Mexico:  Jalisco  (Pringle  3111).  Chihuahua;  Santa  Rosalia  (Palmer  382).  Lower 
California;  San  Jorge  (Brandegee  4),  Baja  (Brandegee). 

West  Indies:  Cuba;  Havana  (Leon  7707,  Leon  &  Eckman  4270).  Bahamas;  Andros 
(Wight  228).  Jamaica;  Claredon  (Britton  3798).  Porto  Rico;  Arecibo  to  Utuado  (Britton 
&  CoweU  306). 

Cuscuta  pentagona  verrucosa  (Engelmann)  n.  comb, 

[Figure  111] 

C.  verrucosa  Engelmann,  Amer.  Joum.  Sci.  &  Arts,  43:  341,  pi.  6,  fig.  25,  1842. — Choisy  in 

DC,  Prodromus,  9:461,  1845. 
C.  verrucosa  glabrior  Engelmann,  Amer.  Joum.  Sci.  &  Arts,  43:341,  1842. 
C.  arvensis  verrucosa  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:495,  1859. 

Pedicels  usually  longer  than  in  the  other  varieties,  equalling  the 
flowers  or  longer;  calyx  lobes  more  triangular,  obtuse,  usually  shorter  than 
the  corolla,  fleshy  verrucose;  capsule  somewhat  verrucose  to  papillate. 

Type  locality:  Texas.  Range:  Louisiana,  Indian  Territory',  Texas 
and  northern  Mexico. 

Sp>ecimens  examined:  United  States:  Louisiana;  Sulphur  (Palmer  7709).  Indian 
Territory;  Limestone  Gap  (Butler  4),  Between  Fts.  Cobb  &  Arbuckle  (Palmer  202).  Teicas 
(Drummond  III  247,  taken  as  the  type  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.,  Ruth  502,  Lindheimer  127, 
473),  Corpus  Christi  (Heller  1549)  Dallas  (Reverchon  in  1878,  Hall  492, 493  in  part),  Galves- 
ton island  (Joor  in  1877),  San  Antonio  (Palmer  12914,  Larrabee  in  1900). 

Mexico:  (Berlandier  2457).  Coahuila  (Pahner  723),  Saltillo  (Palmer  218,  307,  730), 
Parras  (Gregg  401,  417).  San  Luis  Potosi;  San  Luis  Potosi  (Berlandier  in  1827).  Coahuila 
6*  Neuvo  Leon  (Pahner  919). 

Cuscuta  pentagona  pubescens  (Engelmann)  n.  comb. 
C.  arvensis  pubescens  Engehnann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :495,  1859. 

All  parts  of  the  flower  more  or  less  papillate-pubescent. 

Type  locality:     Western  Texas.     Range:     New  Mexico  and  Texas. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  New  Mexico  (Wright  1631,  1635).  Texas 
(Wright  2,  Lindheimer  in  1847,  taken  as  the  tjpe,  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.),  El  Paso  (Wright 
519,  523),  Bexar  Co.  (Jermy  34)  Llano  Co.  (Nealley  84),  on  the  Pedemales  river  (Lindheimer 
in  1847),  along  the  Pecos.  (Wright  574.) 


143]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  53 

Cuscuta  plattensis  Nelson 
[Figure  35] 
C.  plattensis  Nelson,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  26:131,  1899. 

Stems  medium  to  slender.  Flowers  glabrous,  2.5-5  mm,  long,  pentam- 
erous,  on  pedicels  about  equal  to  the  flowers  in  panicled  cymes;  calyx 
shorter  than  the  corolla  tube;  lobes  triangular,  obtuse,  slightly  overlapping; 
corolla  tube  broadly  campanulate;  lobes  about  equalling  the  tube,  tri- 
angular, acute,  (not  "short-ovate,  obtuse,  about  half  the  length  of  the 
broadly  campanulate  tube"),  slightly  irregular  in  some,  spreading  or 
reflexed,  with  the  tips  inflexed;  scales  shorter  than  the  tube,  slightly 
spatulate,  copiously  fringed  with  short  processes;  stamens  shorter  than 
the  lobes;  anthers  oval,  about  equal  to  the  subulate  filaments;  ovary 
depressed-globose,  verrucose  and  thickened  about  the  intrastylar  aperture; 
styles  slightly  unequal,  about  equal  to  the  ovary  or  shorter.  Capsule 
depressed-globose;  seeds  one  to  four  in  a  capsule,  about  1-1.5  mm.  long, 
oval  or  obovate,  robust;  hilum  short,  linear,  transverse. 

This  species  is  very  closely  related  to  C.  pentagona  and  perhaps  merges 
with  some  of  the  larger  forms  of  variety  calycina.  It  seems  to  differ  in 
the  shorter  scales  and  shorter  processes  and  the  rather  larger  flowers. 

Type  locality :  "In  canon  of  Platte,"  Wyoming.  Range:  Wyoming 
and  Washington. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Wyoming;  Platte  Canyon  (Nelson  2768,  the 
type,  in  the  Rocky  Mt.  Herb.,  Univ.  of  Wyoming),  Uva  (Nelson  2741,  mixed  with  C.  indecora 
on  some  sheets),  Converse  Co.     (Nelson  9118).    Washington;  Klickitat  Co.    (Suksdorf  2852.) 

Cuscuta  cephalanthi  Engelmann 
[Figures  53,  57,  58  and  142] 

C  .cephalanthi  Engelmann,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.  &  Arts,  43:336,  pi.  6,  fig.  1-6,  1842. — Matthew, 
Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  20,  pi.  164,  fig.  6,  1893.— Britton  &  Brown,  lUustr.  Flora,  3:29, 
fig.  2962, 1898;  2  ed.,  3:50,  fig.  3448, 1913. 

C.  tenuiflora  Engelmann  in  Gray,  Manual  of  Botany,  p.  350,  1848;  and  in  Trans.  Acad.  Sci. 
St.  Louis,  1:497,  1859. 

Epithynium  cephalanthi  (Engelmann)  Nieuwland  &  Lunell,  Amer.  Mid.  Nat.,  4:511,  1916. 

Stems  medium.  Flowers  glabrous,  about  2  mm.  long,  commonly 
tetramerous,  less  frequently  tri-  or  pentamerous,  sometimes  more  or  less 
glandular;  calyx  shorter  than  the  corolla  tube,  deeply  divided;  lobes 
oblong-ovate,  obtuse;  corolla  cylindric-campanulate,  becoming  somewhat 
urceolate  as  the  capsule  matures;  lobes  ovate,  obtuse,  erect  to  spreading, 
much  shorter  than  the  tube;  scales  oblong,  narrow,  fringed  with  scattered 
processes,  reaching  the  filaments,  bridged  at  from  a  quarter  to  a  third  of 
their  height;  stamens  mostly  equal  to  or  slightly  shorter  than  the  lobes; 
anthers  oval  to  round,  about  equal  to  the  stoutish  filaments;  styles  equal 
to  or  slightly  longer  than  the  globose  somewhat  depressed  ovary.  Capsule 
depressed-globose,  capped  by  the  persistent,  withered  corolla;  seeds  about 


54  JLUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [144 

1.6  mm.  long,  light  brown,  globose,  ovate  or  round,  slightly  oblique  and 
compressed;  hilum  oblong,  linear,  oblique. 

This  species  in  some  respects  resembles  the  smaller  forms  of  C.  gronovii 
but  is  separable  by  the  ordinarily  tetramerous  flowers  and  the  depressed, 
capped  capsule. 

Type  location:  "On  the  margins  of  ponds  and  swamps  near  St.  Louis." 
Range :  Across  the  continent  from  Maine  to  Oregon  and  Washington  and 
southward  to  Virginia,  Tennessee  and  Texas. 

Specimens'examined:  United  States:  Near  49th  parallel  of  lat.  (Lyall  in  1858-59). 
Maine;  Orono  (Briggs  1509).  Massachusells;  Framingham  (Sturtevant  in  1890).  Con- 
necticut; Waterbury  (Dubois  in  1888),  Greens  Farms  (Polard  239).  New  Jersey  (Engel- 
mann  in  1879,  Canby  in  1862).  Virginia;  Little  Falls  of  the  Potomac  (Mohr  in  1894).  New 
York;  Ca^-uga  Lake  (Dudley  in  1882,  Wiegand  in  1895),  west  New  York  swamps  (Van  Sickle 
in  1894).  Pennsylvania;  Marj'sville  (Small  in  1888),  Lancaster  Co.  (Porter  in  1864),  Easton 
(Porter  in  1890  and  in  1895),  Harrisburg  (Porter  in  1879).  Tennessee  (Gattinger  in  1886). 
Ohio;  Port  Clinton  (Mosely  in  1897),  Erie  Co.  (Mosely  in  1898),  PainesviUe  (Beardslee  in 
1876),  Cincinnati  (Lloyd  in  1890).  Michigan;  Jackson  (Camp  in  1893),  Algonac  (Cooper  in 
1901).  Indiana;  Clarke  (Umbach  in  1898),  Dune  Park  (Chase  1982),  Whiting  (Hill  in  1891), 
Wells  Co.  (Deam  490,  in  1899,  1903  &  1905).,  Adams  Co.  (Deam  5363,  5364  in  part),  Porter 
Co.  (Deam  26482),  Parke  Co.  (Deam  9889),  Carroll  Co.  (Deam  15304),  Allen  Co.  (Deam 
1582),  Randolph  Co.  (Deam  15382),  Steuben  Co.  (Deam  15476).  Illinois;  Wabash  Co. 
(Schneck  in  1880),  Peoria  (McDonald  in  1885  and  in  1894,  Brendel),  Ravinia  (Sherff 
in  1911),  Vermillion  Co.  (McDougall  in  1917),  Oquawka  (Patterson),  Henderson  Co. 
(Patterson  10430  and  in  1872),  Carlinville  (Andrews  in  1890),  Libertyville  (Sherff 
18%),  Athens  (Hall  in  1861  and  in  1867),  Taylorville  (Andrews  in  1898),  Sangamon 
Co.  (Andrews  in  1898),  Beardstown  (Geyer),  Ringw'ood  (Vasey  in  1861),  Urbana  (Pease, 
Yuncker  999a,  999b,  Clinton  11794, 11795,11796,  28574,  30449,  30450).  Wisconsin;  Osceola 
(Sheldard  in  1892),  Brown  Co.  (Schuette  in  1894),  Winnebago  Co.  (Kellerman  in  1871), 
Racine  (Davis  in  1879),  Prairie  du  Chien  (Hall  in  1861),  Madison  (Hall  in  1861).  Minnesota; 
Winona  (Holzingerin  1889),  Yellow  Medicine  Co.  (Jacobs  in  1888),  GljTidon  (Dewart  in 
1892).  Iowa;  Fayette  Co.  (Fink  207,  632),  Ames  (Hitchcock  in  1894),  Vinton  (Davis  in 
1876).  Missouri;  St.  Louis  (Engelmann  in  1841,  taken  as  the  t>'pe,  in  the  Engelmann  Herb., 
also  in  1842  and  in  1860),  Clark  Co.  (Bush  in  1892),  Jackson  Co.  (Bush  262).  Kansas; 
Lawrence  (Stevens).  Nebraska;  Lawsville  (Williams  in  1888),  Exeter  (Wibbe  in  1889  in  part), 
Nickolls  Co.  (Hedgcock  in  1894) ,  Banks  of  the  Missouri  river  (Hayden) .  Nevada;  Humboldt 
Pass  (Watson  937).  Utuh;  Salt  Lake  City  (Jones  1918,  Garrett  2213),  Ogden  (Tracy  in 
1887).  Oregon;  Hood  river  (Henderson  in  1884).  Washington;  Klickitat  Co.  (Suksdorf 
in  1883).  California;  Mt.  Shasta  (Grant  5217).  New  Mexico  (Wright  1626  =  578,  1629  = 
124),  Otero  Co.  (Wooton  in  1899).     Texas;  Dallas  (Reverchon  in  1878). 

Cuscuta  racemosa  chiliana  Engelmann 
[Figures  36  and  94] 

C.  racemosa  chiliana  Engelmann.  Trans.  .\cad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:505,  1859. 

No  Nprth  American  synonymy;  for  foreign  synonymy  see  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad. 
Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:505, 1859. 

Stems  slender  to  medium.  Flowers  glabrous,  about  3  mm.  long,  pen- 
tamerous,  on  pedicels  as  long  as  or  mostly  longer  than  the  flowers  in  loose, 
racemose  cymes;  calyx  much  shorter  than  the  corolla  tube;  lobes  short, 
deltoid,  acute;  corolla  campanulate;  lobes  shorter  than  the  tube,  spreading 


145]         NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  55 

to  reflexed,  triangular-ovate,  acutish;  scales  scarcely  reaching  the  filaments, 
fringed,  bridged  at  about  a  quarter  of  their  height;  stamens  about  equalling 
the  lobes;  anthers  oval-oblong,  about  equal  to  the  somewhat  subulate 
filaments;  ovary  globose;  styles  slender,  rather  longer  than  the  ovary. 
Capsule  globose,  glandular,  thin,  not  thickened  but  somewhat  verrucose 
at  the  top;  styles  slightly  tapering  towards  the  base;  seeds  two  to  four 
in  a  capsule,  about  1.5  mm.  long,  roundish,  compressed,  somewhat  rostrate; 
hilum  small,  depressed. 

Type  locality:  Chile.  Type  not  seen.  Range  in  North  America: 
Scattered  across  the  continent,  mostly  on  Medicago  sativa. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Maryland;  near  Baltimore  (Hillman).  5. 
Dakota;  White  River  (Over  2355).  Texas;  Sanderson  (Wooton  in  1911).  California;  Kern 
Co.  (Palmer  149),  lower  Sacramento  (Jepson  in  1893),  Santa  Cruz  Mts.  (Davis  in  1908). 
northern  California  (Greene  1046), 

Cuscuta  decipiens  n.  sp. 
[Figures  43,  93  and  95] 

Stems  slender.  Flowers  about  3  mm.  long,  glabrous,  pentamerous, 
subsessile  or  on  pedicels  as  long  as  or  slightly  longer  than  the  flowers; 
calyx  lobes  ovate,  obtuse,  somewhat  shorter  than  the  corolla  tube;  corolla 
campanulate,  its  lobes  triangular-ovate,  somewhat  serrate,  obtuse,  or 
acute  with  an  inflexed  tip;  scales  as  long  as  or  shorter  than  the  tube,  deeply 
fringed,  slightly  spatulate,  bridged  at  about  a  third  of  their  height;  stamens 
shorter  than  the  lobes;  filaments  about  equal  to  the  oval  anthers;  ovary 
globose,  slightly  umbonate;  styles  slender,  shorter  than  the  ovary;  stigmas 
capitate.  Capsule  globose-oval,  slightly  umbonate,  with  the  withered 
corolla  about  it;  seeds  usually  one  or  two  in  a  capsule,  about  1.7  mm.  long, 
light  brown  or  yellow,  rostrate  or  hooked ;  hilum  linear,  oblong,  oblique  or 
transverse,  the  umbilical  area  scarcely  contrasted  with  the  rest  of  the  seed. 

All  parts  of  the  flowers  are  white  or  reddish  and  covered  with  numerous 
whitish  pellucid  glandular-appearing  cells.  This  species  resembles  C. 
indecora,  but  is  distinguishable  by  its  obtuse  calyx  lobes,  less  fleshy  and 
smooth  flowers,  with  scales  which  are  ordinarily  shorter,  as  well  as  by  the 
capsule  which  is  not  thickened  as  much  at  the  apex. 

Type  locality:  Hacienda  de  Cedros,  Zacatecas,  Mexico.  Range: 
Central  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Mexico:  Zacatecas;  Hacienda  de  Cedros  (Lloyd  193,  the  type, 
in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb,  as  sheet  574,160),  Hilo  de  Oro  (Lloyd  28),  Cedros  (Kirkwood  50). 
Coahuila  (Purpus  4873), 

Cuscuta  coryli  Engelmann 
[Figures  42,  55,  56  and  130] 
C.  coryli  Engelmann,  Amer,  Journ.  Sci.  &  Arts,  43:337,  pi.  6,  figs.  7-11, 1842. — Matthew, 
Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club.,  20,  pi.  164,  fig.  5,  1893.— Britton  &  Brown,  lUustr.  Flora,  3:29, 
fig.  2961,  1898;  2  ed.,  3:50,  fig.  3447,  1913.— Stevens,  .\mer.  Journ.  Bot.,  3:185,  figs.  1-2, 
1916. 


56  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [146 

C.  compacta  cremdata  Choisy  in  DC,  Prodromus,  9:459,  1845. 
C.  inflexa  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:502,  1859. 

C.  congesta  Beyrich;  C.  parviflora  Nuttall;  C.  umbrosa  Beyrich,  herb,  names  without  descrip- 
tions in  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:502,  1859;  in  synon. 
Epithymum  coryli  (Engelmann)  Nieuwland  &  Lunell,  Amer.  Mid.  Nat.,  4:511,  1916. 

Stems  medium  to  slender.  Flowers  fleshy,  papillate,  about  2  mm. 
long,  mostly  tetramerous  (less  frequently  penta-  or  trimerous),  on  pedicels 
shorter  or  longer  than  the  flowers,  in  panicled  cymes;  calyx  lobes  triangular, 
acute,  equalling  the  corolla  tube;  corolla  cylindric-campanulate;  lobes 
triangular-ovate,  crenulate,  upright,  with  acute  inflexed  tips;  scales 
rudimentary,  bifid,  toothed,  ordinarily  reduced  to  toothed  wings  on  either 
side  of  the  filament  attachment,  bridged  somewhat  below  the  middle; 
stamens  about  as  long  as  the  lobes;  anthers  oval  to  slightly  oblong,  on 
somewhat  subulate  filaments;  ovary  globose-ovoid,  thickened  at  the  apex; 
styles  shorter  than  or  equal  to  the  ovary,  becoming  widely  divergent  on 
the  capsule.  Capsule  at  first  globose,  becoming  depressed,  thickening  in 
a  collar  about  the  intrastylar  aperture,  the  withered  corolla  about  the 
upper  part  or  soon  falling  away;  seeds  about  1.5  mm.  long,  usually  four 
in  each  capsule,  dark  brown,  globular  or  somewhat  compressed,  rather 
oblique,  the  surface  scurfy;  hilum  short,  oblong,  oblique  or  transverse. 

This  species  resembles  C.  indecora  but  differs  in  its  ordinarily  tetramer- 
ous flowers,  rudimentary  scales,  more  compressed  capsule  and  more  widely 
divergent  styles. 

Type  locality:  In  dry  prairies  near  St.  Louis.  Range:  From 
Rhode  Island  and  Virginia  westward  to  South  Dakota,  Nebraska  and 
Montana  and  southward  to  Texas  and  Arizona. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Left  Bank  of  Missouri  (Ward  in  1883).  Bluffs 
of  the  Cumberland  (Ward  in  1877).  (Nuttall  in  Herb.  Acad.  Phil.,  the  type  of  C.  parviflora, 
a  fragment  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.).  Rhode  Island;  Smithfield  (Olney  in  1872).  Delaware; 
Harrington  (Canby  in  1886).  Virginia  (Gray  &  SuUivant  in  1843),  Peak  of  Otter  (Beyrich, 
the  type  of  C.  congesta,  a  fragment  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.).  Maryland;  Piney  Point 
(Vasey  in  1873),  Glen  Echo  (Hillman  in  1904  and  in  1905).  New  York;  Staten  Island  (Bum- 
ham  in  1901),  Washington  Co.  (Burnham  in  1895),  Ithaca  (Dudley  in  1882),  Peekskill 
(Leggett  in  1870),  Niagara  Co.  (Clinton  in  1864).  Tennessee;  (Beyrich  175-2,  the  type  of 
C.  umbrosa,  a  fragment  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.),  Nashville  (Ward  in  1877),  Roan  Mt. 
(Rydberg  8179,  8183).  Ohio;  Sandusky  (York  in  1902).  Indiana;  Blackford  Co.  (Deam 
190,  512),  WUsons  (Hill  100-1897),  VermUion  Co..  (Deam  9817),  Lake  Co.  (Hill  124-1897, 
95-1876),  Kosciusko  Co.  (Deam  444),  Lagrange  Co.  (Deam  14856),  Dune  Park  (Chase 
522).  Michigan;  Port  Huron  (Dodge  104,  372,  4  collections  without  number  in  1896), 
Detroit  (Farwell  1291).  Illinois;  Without  location  (Chase),  Evanston  (Johnson  in  1888), 
St.  Clair  Co.  (Eggert  in  1897,  Brendel  in  1880),  Chicago  (Scammon  1,  Hill  120-1897),  Wabash 
Co.  (Schneckin  1880andin  1881),  west  of  Chicago.  (Chase  in  1894),  Cook  Co.  (Chase  in 
1896),  Joliet  (Skeels  &  Shaddick  in  1900),  Riverside  (Greenman  2782),  Glencoe  (Sherff  in 
1911),  Athens  (Hall  4),  Highland  (Meyer  in  1841),  Beardstown  (Geyer  in  1842),  Mascoutah 
(Welch),  Canton  (Hovey);  Peoria  (Brendel),  Carlinville  (Andrews  in  1890).  Wisconsin 
(Hale  in  1860-61).  Minnesota;  Fergus  Falls  (Sheldon  in  1892),  Cannon  Falls  (Pol  in  1888). 
5.  Dakota;  Brookings  (Williams  in  1896),  Lake  Hendricks  (Williams  in  1894),   Jones  Island, 


147]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  57 

Big  Stone  Lake  (Griffiths  &  Slosser  in  1894),  Watertown  (Griffiths  &  Slosser  302).  Nebraska; 
Bottoms  of  Yellowstone  river  (Hayden  26),  Thomas  Co.  (Rydberg,  two  collections  with  num- 
ber 1688,  one  collected  August  26  and  the  other  August  14, 1893),  Holt  Co.  (Clements  2799), 
Ashland  (Williams  in  1889),  Long  Pine  (Bates  in  1896).  Missouri;  St.  Louis  Co.  (Engelmann 
in  1860,  1842,  1843,  August  1841  and  Sept.  1841,  taken  as  the  type,  in  the  Engelmann  Herb., 
Eggert  in  1879,  Craig  in  1908,  Greenman  3800,  Garber  in  1911,  Drushell  in  1916),  Barry  Co. 
(Bush  202,  327,  3244,  and  without  number  in  1892),  MacDonald  Co.  (Bush  28),  Baring, 
(Bush  6),  Polk  Co.  (Standley  9937),  Courtney  (Bush  411,  1815),  Sarcoxie  (Palmer  3197), 
Meramec  (Pammel),  Stone  Co.  (Trelease  1113),  Seligman  (Dewart  in  1892),  Anderson 
(Bush  in  1892),  Joplin  (Palmer  3835).  Iowa;  Decatur  Co.  (Fitzpatrick  25).  Indian 
Territory;  Limestone  Gap  (Butler  19,  50,  94  and  11236?).  New  Mexico  (Fendler  658) 
Arizona;  Grand  Canyon  (Eggert  in  1886).  Texas;  Williamson  Co.  (Bodin  230),  Calvert 
(Pammel  in  1888),  Fort  Smith  (Ark.)  to  the  Rio  Grande  (Bigelow  8).  Montana;  Popular 
(Blankinship  in  1900). 

Cuscuta  indecora  Choisy 
C.  indecora  Choisy,  M6m.  Soc.  Phys.  et  Hist.  Nat.  Geneve,  9:278,  pi.  3,  fig.  3,  1841;  and  in 
DC,  Prodromus,  9:457,  1845.— Matthew,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  20,  pi.  164,  fig.  4, 1893.—, 
Britton  &  Brown,  Illustr.  Flora,  3:29,  fig.  2960,  1898;  2  ed.,  3:50,  fig.  3446,  1913.— 
Stevens,  Amer.  Joum.  Bot.,  3:185,  figs.  3-4,  1916. 
C.  decora  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:501,  1859. 
Epithymum  indecorum  (Choisy)  Nieuwland  &  Lunell,  Amer.  Mid.  Nat.,  4:511,  1916. 

Stems  medium  to  coarse.  Flowers  2-5  mm.  long,  whitish,  fleshy, 
papillose  to  smoothish,  on  pedicels  shorter  or  longer  than  the  flowers, 
stigmas  and  anthers  commonly  purplish  colored ;  calyx  lobes  triangular  to 
lanceolate,  acute  or  somewhat  obtuse;  corolla  campanulate;  lobes  erect  to 
spreading,  triangular,  acute,  the  tips  inflexed;  scales  as  long  as  or  longer 
than  the  tube,  ovate  or  somewhat  spatulate  or  divided,  deeply  fringed, 
bridged  at  or  below  the  middle;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes;  anthers 
broad,  oval,  about  equal  to  the  filaments;  styles  as  long  as  or  slightly 
longer  than  the  globose,  pointed  ovary,  unequal,  becoming  divaricate  in 
fruit.  Capsule  globose,  pointed,  enveloped  by  the  withered  corolla;  seeds 
about  1.7  mm.  long,  usually  two  to  four  in  a  capsule,  roundish  or  broader 
than  long,  grayish  or  brown,  somewhat  scurfy;  hilum  small,  oval,  trans- 
verse or  somewhat  oblique. 

While  this  species  is  quite  variable  it  has  been  difficult  to  maintain 
varietal  segregations.  The  majority  of  the  collections  fall  under  variety 
neuropetala  which  shows  quite  wide  extremes  of  size,  shape  of  parts,  etc. 
It  has  been  thought  best  to  maintain  a  varietal  segregation  as  indicated 
below  although  in  many  cases  it  is  rather  difficult  to  tell  with  exactness 
to  which  variety  a  form  may  belong. 

Key  to  the  varieties 
Scales  not  divided,  ovate  or  spatulate. 

Calyx  lobes  broad,  ovate,  acute. 

Flowers  about  2-3  mm.  long,  papillose-hispid hispidula 

Flowers  usually  larger,  not  so  papillose-hispid neuropetala 

Calyx  lobes  lanceolate,  acute longisepala 

Scales  divided  at  the  apex bifida 


58  ILUNOJS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [148 

Cuscuta  indecora  hispidula  (Engelmann)  n.  comb. 
C.  verrucosa  hispidula  Engelmann,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.  &  Arts,  43:341,  1842. 
C.  hispidula  Engelmann,  Amer.  Joum.  Sci.  &  Arts,  45:75,  1843. 
C.  neuropetala  minor  Engelmann,  Bost.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.,  5:223,  1847. 
C.  porphyrostigma,  Engelmann,  Bost.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.,  5:223,  1847;  in  synon. 
C.  decora  indecora  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :502,  1859. 

Flowers  2-2.5  mm.  long,  usually  on  pedicels  longer  than  the  flowers; 
calyx  mostly  shorter  than  the  corolla,  more  papillose-hispid  than  in  the 
other  varieties. 

Type  locality:  "Mexicum  ad  Metamoros."  Range:  Texas,  New 
Mexico  and  Indian  Territory  and  in  the  Greater  Antilles. 

Specimens  examined:  (Berlandier  2285,  the  type  number,  in  the  Engelmann  Herb,  from 
Mexico?).  United  States:  Texas;  (Berlandier  865,  965,  Lindheimer  123,  Nealley  141), 
eastern  part  of  the  state  (Hall  491),  Llano  Co.  (Nealley  83),  Llano  (Smith  in  1897),  New 
Braunfels  (Lindheimer  318,  1029),  San  Antonio  (Wilkinson  in  1902),  Fort  Worth  (Ruth  188), 
Columbia  (Bush  1535),  Fort  Smith  (Ruth  159),  Dallas  (Hall  493  in  part).  New 
Mexico;  Fort  WTiipple  (Coues  &  Palmer  246).  Oklahoma;  Greer  Co.  (Stevens  1000).  Indian 
Territory  (Sheldon  134). 

W^EST  Indies:  Cuba;  Camaguey  (Shafer  2635).  Jamaica;  Port  Antonio  (Fredholm 
3304). 

Cuscuta  indecora  neuropetala  (Choisy)  Hitchcock 
[Figures  44  a-e,  96  and  128] 

C.  indecora  neuropetala  Hitchcock,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.,  3:549,  1896. 

C  neuropetala  Engelmann,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.  &  Arts,  45:75,  1843. 

C.  neuropetala  littoraUs  Engelmann,  Bost.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.,  5:223,  1847. 

C.  pulcherrima  Scheele,  Linnaea,  21:750,  1848. 

C.  decora  pulclterrima  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:502,  1859. 

?C.  indecora  portoricensis  Urban,  S>Tnb.  Ant.,  4:502,  1910. 

Flowers  usually  larger  than  in  the  other  varieties,  loose  or  compacted; 
corolla  broadly  campanulate,  varying  in  its  degree  of  papilla tion.  Forms 
from  the  southeastern  United  States  frequently  are  more  waxy  white  than 
those  from  the  west.  The  calyx  lobes  are  shorter  than  or  equalling  the 
corolla. 

Type  locality:  "Texas  in  wet  prairies  near  Houston."  Range: 
Illinois,  westward  to  Utah  and  California,  south  into  Mexico  and  through 
the  southern  states  into  the  West  Indies.  The  specimen  reported  from 
Michigan  is  believed  to  have  been  introduced  with  alfalfa  seed  from  one 
of  the  western  states. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  American  plains  (Hall  &  Harbour  464). 
Michigan;  Shelby  (Wagner  in  1919).  Illinois  (Engelmann  in  1845),  St.  Clair  Co.  (Eggert 
in  1877).  Minnesota;  Fergus  Falls  (Sheldon  in  1892).  5.  Dakota;  Washington  Co.  (Over 
2157),  Hot  Springs  (Petersen  in  1908).  Nebraska;  Merrinem  (Bates  in  18%),  Hooker  Co. 
MuUen  (Rydberg  1634,  1694),  Waho  (Rydberg),  Banner  Co.  (Rydberg  in  1890),  Cheyenne 
Co.  (Rydberg  3700).  Kansas;  Syracuse  (Rose  &  Fitch  17027,  Thompson  159).  Louisiana 
(Langlois  in  1879).  Mississippi;  Brush  Island  (Lloyd  &  Tracy  128),  Cat  Island  (Lloyd  & 
Tracy  124).  ^Alabama;  Mobile  (Mohr  in  1888,  and  in  1876,  885c).  Florida;  Santa  Rosa 
Island  (Tracy  6432),  Wakulla  Co.,  St.  Marks  (Harper  209),   Colquitt  Co.    (Harper  1650), 


149]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  59 

Palma  Sola  Bay  (Simpson  68),  Tallahassee  (Harper  224),  Manatee  (Simpson  in  1889), 
Colorado  (Herb.  State.  Agr.  College  1541),  Colorado  Springs  (Porter  in  1873,  Cooper  421), 
Evans  (Johnson  399),  Denver  (Eastwood  in  1890,  129),  Fort  Collins  (Baker  555),  Boulder 
(Daniels  426).  Texas  (Lindheimer  124,  taken  to  represent  the  type,  in  the  Engelmann  Herb., 
474,  III  475),  San  Antonio  (Nealley  94,  Headly  in  1907,  Ball  919),  Del  Rio  (Plank  in  1891), 
Austin  (Biltmore  Herb.  3736a),  Val  Verde  Co.,  Comstock  (Nealley  126),  Bexar  Co.  (Jermy 
74,  75).  Arizona;  Globe  (Goodding  724),  Fort  Lowell  (Thornber  133),  Pine  (McDougal  685), 
Santa  Cruz  Valley  (Pringle  in  1884),  Tucson  (Thornber  32,  87,  Smart  345,  Griffiths  2155, 
Rose  11887,  Pringle  in  1884,  Toumey  96),  Rincon  Mts.  (Toumey  in  1894),  Santa  Catalina 
Mts.  (Pringle  in  1881,  Lemmon  in  1881),  Castle  Creek  (Toumey  293),  Monmouth  (Nealley 
278).  New  Mexico  (Wright  521,  525,  1622,  1630,  1632,  1633,  1634,  1638),  Nara  Visa  (Fisher 
147).  Utah;  Salt  Lake  City  (Garrett  192,  1714,  1716,  1719,  2692,  2736,  Jones  1331,  in  1880). 
Wyoming;  Laramie  Co.,  Uva(Nelson2741,inpart,  8576),  Sheridan  Exp.  Farm  (Buffum  1405). 
Idaho;  Moscow  Exp.  Station  (Henderson  2892).  California  (Leiberg  5396),  San  Bernardino 
Co.  (Parish  5532,  5905),  Butte  Co.  (Brown  132,  Heller  11677),  Lake  Co.  (Bolander  2673,  in 
part),  Humboldt  Co.  (Chesnut  &  Drew  in  1888),  Clear  Lake  (without  indication  of  collector), 
Clovis  (Brandegee),  Chico  (Studley  4d) ,  Fresno  (Brandegee),  Yolo  Bolo  Mt.  (Brandegee  in 
1892),  Shasta  River,  northern  Calif.  (Greene  978). 

West  Indies:  Cuba  (Wright  3649),  Santa  Clara  (Britton,  Britten  &  Wilson  5507). 
Santa  Domingo;  Barahona  Province  (Fuertes  117,  916,  975b).  Jamaica;  Port  Antonio 
(Wight  73),  Porto  Rico  (Sintensis  3851). 

Mexico:  Sonora;  Hermosillo  (Rose,  Standley  &  Russell  12477).  Coahuila  (Purpus 
4563),  Parras  (Purpus  6343).  Zacatecas  (Palmer  284).  San  Luis  Potosi;  San  Dieguito 
(Palmer  630).     Tamaulipas;  Tampico  (Palmer  530). 

Cuscuta  indecora  longisepala  n.  var. 
[Figures  44  f  and  97] 
Flowers  subsessile,  compacted;  calyx  lobes  lanceolate,  acuminate,  as 
long  as  or  exceeding  the  corolla.     Some  specimens  approach  variety 
neuropetala  in  their  shorter  calyx  lobes. 

Type  locality:  On  the  Blanco,  Texas.  Range:  Indian  Territory, 
Texas  and  northern  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Texas;  on  the  Blanco  (Wright,  the  type,  in  the 
Engelmann  Herb.),  Dallas  (Reverchon  in  1875,  Hall  493,  in  part).  Indian  Territory  (Butler 
2),  Limestone  Gap  (Butler  in  1877). 

Mexico:  Tamaulipas ;  Tampico  (Palmer  Z^Z).  San  Luis  Potosi;  San  Dieguito  (Palmer 
640). 

Cuscuta  indecora  bifida  n.  var. 
Calyx  lobes  shorter  than  the  very  white  corolla;  scales  rather  deeply 
divided  at  the  apex. 

Type  locality:    Twin  Springs,  Nevada. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Nevada;  Twin  Springs  (Purpus,  the  tjpe,  in 
the  Univ.  Calif.  Herb.). 

Cuscuta  jepsonii  n.  sp. 

[Figure  52] 

Stems  slender.     Flowers  2-23^^  mm.  long,  pentamerous,  on  pedicels 

shorter  than  the  flowers,  in  cymose  clusters,  entire  inflorescence  fleshy 

and  papillate;  calyx  lobes  triangular,  acute,  scarcely  reaching  the  middle 


60  ILUNOJS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [ISO 

of  the  corolla  tube;  corolla  globular,  becoming  urceolate,  lobes  upright  or 
more  or  less  connivent,  triangular,  acute,  less  than  half  as  long  as  the 
corolla  tube,  not  overlapping;  scales  represented  only  by  ridges  and  short 
bridges;  stamens  much  shorter  than  the  corolla  lobes;  filaments  about  equal 
to  the  small,  oval  anthers;  styles  much  shorter  than  the  globose,  slightly 
pointed  ov^ry.  Capsule  depressed-globose,  somewhat  elevated  about  the 
intrastylar  aperture,  surrounded  by  the  persistent  coroUa;  seeds  2-4  in  a 
capsule,  rounded,  compressed. 

This  species,  which  appears  to  be  rare,  diflFers  greatly  in  many  respects 
from  C.  californica,  the  only  other  North  American  species  lacking  infra- 
stamineal  scales.  It  differs  from  C.  sandwichiana,  a  species  not  recorded 
from  North  America,  which  it  resembles  somewhat,  in  the  fleshier  texture 
of  the  whole  plant,  the  size  of  the  flowers  and  the  shape  of  the  corolla. 

Type  locality:  Big  Horse  Mountain,  South  Fork  of  the  Eel  River, 
California. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  California;  Big  Horse  Mountain,  South  Fork 
of  the  Eel  River  Qepson  5c,  the  type,  in  the  Univ.  Calif.  Herb.). 

Cuscuta  californica  Choisy 
C.  californica  Choisy,  M6m.  Soc.  Phys.  et  Hist.  Nat.  Geneve,  9:279,  1841;.  and  in  DC,  Pro- 

dromus,  9:457,  1845.— Engebnann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:498,  1859. 
C.  acutninaia  Nuttall  in  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:498,  1859;  nomen  nudum, 

in  synon. 

Stems  slender.  Flowers  2-5  mm.  long,  glabrous  or  papillate,  sub- 
sessile  in  compact  clusters  or  on  slender  pedicels  in  loose  panicled  cymes; 
calyx  as  long  as  the  corolla  tube  or  shorter;  lobes  lanceolate,  acute  to 
acuminate,  or  shorter,  ovate  and  somewhat  obtuse,  their  tips  frequently 
somewhat  divergent;  corolla  campanulate  or  cylindrical;  lobes  ovate  to 
lanceolate,  acute  or  somewhat  obtuse,  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  tube, 
connivent  to  spreading  or  reflexed;  scales  rudimentary,  represented  only 
by  short  bridges  or  "inverted  arches";  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes; 
filaments  shorter  than  or  slightly  longer  than  the  oval  to  linear  anthers; 
styles  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  somewhat  ovate  or  conic  ovary.  Capsule 
globose  or  ovoid-conic,  enveloped  by  the  withered  corolla;  seeds  about 
1  mm.  long,  oval,  slightly  compressed,  rather  rostrate,  one  to  four  in  each 
capsule;  lulum  oblong,  transverse  or  oblique. 

Key  to  the  varieties 
Capsule  globose,  not  pointed. 
Flowers  glabrous. 

Anthers  on  definite  filaments. 

Calj^  lobes  acute  to  acuminate,  usually  reaching  at  least  the  middle  of  the 
corolla  tube. 
Flowers  more  or  less  pedicelled;  styles  as  long  as,  or  longer  than  the  ovary 

graciliflora 

Flowers  subsessfle;  styles  shorter  than  the  ovary brevifhra 


151]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  61 

Calyx  lobes  rather  obtuse,  not  reaching  the  middle  of  the  corolla  tube 

brachycalyx 

Anthers  sessile  or  subsessile apodanlhera 

Flowers  papillose papulosa 

Capsule  ovoid-conic apiculata 

Cuscuta  calif ornica  graciliflora  Engelmann 
[Figures  45  a-c,  74,  84  and  151] 

C.  calif  ornica  graciliflora  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :499,  1859. 
C.  californica  longiloba  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:499,  1859. 

Flowers  rather  variable  in  size,  somewhat  pedicelled;  calyx  lobes  ovate; 
corolla  cylindrical  to  campanulate;  lobes  connivent  to  reflexed;  anthers 
elliptical  to  oblong;  styles  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  ovary, 

I  have  been  unable  to  keep  apart  the  two  varieties  indicated  by  Engel- 
mann, The  specimens  included  here  are  usually  called  variety  longiloba 
in  collections. 

Type  locality :  "Nov,  Californiam."  Type  not  seen.  Range:  Pacific 
coast  states  from  Washington  to  Lower  California, 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  California  (Orcutt  in  1888,  Collins  &  Kempton 
315,  Leiberg  5267),  San  Benito  Island  (Anthony  266),  Amador  (Michener  &  Bioletti  in  1893), 
San  Felipe  (Thurber  633),  San  Diego  Co.  (Anderson  in  1894,  Chandler  5199),  San  Diego 
(Thurber  570,  Wooton  in  1903,  Parry  in  1850,  Orcutt  1499),  Surf  (Brandegee),  Santa  Clara  Co, 
(Brewer  1283),  Pacheco's  Pass  (Brewer  1292,  in  part),  Claremont  (Chandler  in  1897), 
Escondido  (Chandler  5384),  Los  Angeles  Co.  (Abrams  1560,  2654),  Los  Angeles  (Tracy  in 
1888),  Azuza  (Baker  1560),  Brush  Canyon  near  Cahuenga  Peak  (Chandler  2010),  Napa  Co. 
(Jepson  70c),  Santa  Lucia  Mts.  (Jepson  1704),  Riverside  (Hall  in  1897,  Brandegee  in  1905), 
Yosemite  National  Park  (Hall  9219),  Rubio  Canyon  (Peirson  150a),  Ramona  (Brandegee  in 
1905),  Badger  (Brandegee  in  1892),  Sierra  Nevada  Mts.  (Lemmon  in  1875),  San  Bernardino 
Co.  (McGregor  &  Abrams  700),  San  Bernardino  (Coville  &  Funston  102),  Mendocino  Co. 
(McMurphy  55),  Ventura  Co.  (McGregor  &  Abrams  36),  Cleveland  National  Forest  (Hitch- 
cock in  1915),  Julian  (Hitchcock),  San  Francisco  Co.  (Michener  &  Bioletti  in  1891),  San 
Clemente  Island  (Trask  187),  Lake  Tahoe  (Leiberg  5330),  Coloma  (Palmer  2392d),  Tulare 
(Palmer  2761),  Death  Valley  (Coville  &  Funston  338),  Monsovia  (Rubsy  in  1909). ,  The 
following  four  specimens  are  somewhat  larger  than  normal.  Black  Rock  Mts.  (Leiberg  5266, 
labelled  C.  newberryi),  San  Antonio  Mts.  (Hall),  Kern  Co.  (Burtt-Davy  1941).  Washington; 
Spokane  (Turesson  in  1913). 

Mexico:    Lower  California  (Brandegee  7),  San  Fernando  (Brandegee  in  1889). 

Cuscuta  californica  breviflora  Engelmann 
[Figures  45d  and  77] 
C  californica  breviflora  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :499,  1859. 

Flowers  subsessile  in  dense  glomerules;  corolla  somewhat  narrowly 
campanulate;  stamens  and  styles  short;  anthers  oval.  The  flowers  as 
the  capsule  matures,  when  viewed  from  above,  present  a  rather  character- 
istic stellate  appearance  because  of  the  spreading  of  the  lobes. 

Type  locality:  Monterey,  California.  Type  not  seen.  Range: 
Pacific  coast  states,  and  inland  to  western  Colorado: 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Oregon;  La  Grande  (Cusick  2347),  Grant's 
Pass  (Howell  in  1884),  Wallowa  Co.  (Sheldon  8715),  Cougar  Peak  (Coville  &  Leiberg  175). 


62  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [152 

Washington;  Peshastin  (Sandberg  &  Leiberg  495),  Blue  Mts.,  southeastern  part  of  the  state 
(Horner  373).  California;  San  Francisco  (Gardner  in  1901),  Monterey  Co.  (Cliandler  423), 
San  Benito  Island  (Brandegee  in  1897),  Siskiyou  (Butler  15),  Santa  Catalina  Island  (Brande- 
gee  in  1890),  Humboldt  Co.  (Tracy  4760),  Mt.  Silliman  (Brandegee  in  1905),  Yosemite 
Valley  (Hall  9094),  Contra  Costa  Co.  (Elmer  4543),  Tuolumne  Valley  (Bolander  5055), 
Clear  Lake  (Torrey  325).  Nevada;  Rhyolite  (Heller  9684).  Utah;  Bingham  (Jones  1875), 
Jordan  Valley  (Watson  938),  City  Creek  Canyon  (Jones  1915),  Salt  Lake  Co.  (Garrett 
2170).     Colorado;  Paonia  (Osterhout  4602). 

Mexico:    Lower  California;  San  Bartolome  Bay  (Rose  16206). 

Cuscuia  californica  hrachycalyx  n.  var. 
[Figures  45  e-f  and  75] 

Flowers  in  dense  cymose  clusters;  calyx  very  short;  lobes  broadly  ovate, 
obtuse  to  acutish;  corolla  campanulate;  lobes  reflexed,  shorter  than  the 
tube,  triangular,  acutish. 

Type  locality:  Near  Hanford,  California.  Range:  Found  so  far  only 
in  California. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  California;  Near  Hanford  (Kearney  52,  the 
type,  in  the  N.  Y.  Bot.  Gard.  Herb.),  Fresno  (Sones  79),  Yosemite  Valley,  Stoneman  Bridge 
(Reed  in  1911),  Dugan  (Brandegee  in  1914),  Vacaville  (Jepson  in  1891),  Clear  Lake  mountain 
region  (Jepson  5b),  Solano  Co.  (Jepson  5d),  Snow  Mt.  (Brandegee),  Tulare  Co.  (Michener  & 
Bioletti  in  1893),  Goshen  (Congdon  66),  Tulare  (Congdon  65). 

Cuscuta  californica  apodanthera  n.  var. 

CoroUa  campanulate;  calyx  lobes  short,  acute,  arising  from  a  fleshy 
flower  base  which  tapers  into  the  pedicel;  anthers  sessile  or  subsessile  on 
very  short  filaments. 

Type  locality:     Yosemite  Valley,  California. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  California;  Yosemite  Valley  (Jepson  80a, 
the  type,  in  the  Univ.  Calif.  Herb.),  Potter  Valley  (Jepson  125a). 

Cuscuta  californica  papulosa  n.  var. 
[Figure  76] 
Flowers  in  loose  or  compact  clusters,  papillose  pubescent. 
Type  locality:     San  Bernardino  Valley,  California.     Range:     Found 
so  far  only  in  California. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  California;  San  Bernardino  \'alley  (Parish 
5524,  the  type,  in  the  Rocky  Mt.  Herb,  in  Univ.  Wyo.),  San  Jacinto  Mts.  (Hasse  in  1892, 
Hall  in  1901),  Rivefside  Co.  (Parish  4130),  Riverside  (Reed  2372),  Santa  Lucia  Mts.  (Jepson 
1628),  Monterey  Co.  (Vasey  437),  San  Diego  Co.  (Parish  538a),  Lake  Co.,  Elk  Mt. 
(Tracy  2349). 

Cuscuta  californica  apiculata  Engelmann 
[Figure  45  g] 
C.  californica  apiculata  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :499,  1859. 

Corolla  somewhat  granulate,  particularly  towards  the  base,  campanu- 
late; ovary  and  capsule  ovoid,  pointed. 

Only  one  specimen,  the  type,  was  seen.  The  pointed  capsule  is 
definite  and  warrants  the  segregation  of  the  plant  as  a  variety. 


153]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  63 

Type  locality:     "On  the  Colorado,"  California. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  California;  On  the  Colorado  (Bigelow  in  1854, 
the  type,  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.). 

Cuscuta  harperi  Small 
[Figures  21,  123  and  134] 
C.  harperi  Small,  Flora  of  the  Southeastern  United  States,  (2  ed.),  p.  1361,  1913. 

Stems  very  slender.  Flowers  penta-,  tetra-  or  trimerous,  about  1  mm. 
long,  on  pedicels  mostly  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  flowers  in  loose  race- 
mose clusters;  calyx  shallow,  the  lobes  short,  broadly  ovate,  obtuse. 
frequently  slightly  keeled  and  tuberculate;  corolla  campanulate;  lobes 
triangular-ovate,  acute,  about  equalling  the  tube,  upright,  slightly  fleshy, 
with  their  tips  inflexed,  in  fruit  upright  or  reflexed;  scales  narrow,  fringed 
with  a  few  short  processes  particularly  about  the  upper  half,  as  long  as  or 
somewhat  longer  than  the  corolla  tube,  bridged  at  about  one-third  their 
height;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes,  filaments  slightly  tapering  and 
equal  to  the  small,  oval  anthers;  ovary  globose-oval,  with  a  slightly 
thickened  collar  about  the  intrastylar  aperture;  styles  slender,  shorter 
than  the  ovary;  stigmas  capitate.  Capsule  oval,  with  the  withered 
corolla  at  its  base;  seeds  about  1-1.2  mm.  long,  ordinarily  but  one  in  a 
capsule,  yellow  brown,  somewhat  spherical;  hilum  a  fine  line,  transverse  or 
oblique,  the  umbilical  area  somewhat  sunken. 

This  species  seems  to  be  rather  rare.  It  closely  resembles  some  of  the 
smaller  specimens  of  C.  pentagona  typica,  from  which  it  differs  in  the  shape 
of  its  scales,  calyx  and  capsule. 

Type  locality:  Etowah  Co.,  Alabama.     Range:    Northern  Alabama. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Alabama;  Etowah  Co.  (Harp)er  147,  taken 
as  the  type,  in  the  N.  Y.  Bot.  Card.  Herb.,  Pollard  &  Maxon  341),  De  Soto  Falls  (Ruth  493, 
and  in  1893). 

Cuscuta  rostrata  Shuttleworth 

[Figures  40,  102,  103  and  139] 

C.  rostrata  Shuttleworth  in  Engelmann,  Bost.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.,  5:225,  1847. — Engelmann, 

Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:508,  1859.— Matthew,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  20,  pi.  165, 

fig.  10,  1893.— Britton  &  Brown,  Illustr.  Flora,  3:30,  fig.  2964,  1898;  2  ed.,  3:51,  fig.  3450, 

1913. 
C.  oxycarpa  Engelmann,  Bost.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.,  5:225,  1847;  in  synon. 

'  Stems  coarse.  Flowers  glabrous,  4-6  mm.  long,  pentamerous,  on 
pedicels  shorter  than  the  flowers  in  compact,  paniculate  cymes;  calyx 
shorter  than  the  campanulate  corolla;  lobes  ovate,  obtuse,  overlapping; 
corolla  membranaceous,  cells  very  evident,  somewhat  thickened  lines 
running  lengthwise  below  the  stamen  insertions  giving  the  corolla  a  rather 
angled  appearance;  lobes  shorter  than  the  tube,  broad,  ovate,  obtuse, 
erect,  becoming  spreading  and  later  reflexed  in  fruit;  scales  shorter  than 
the  tube,  oblong,  deeply  fringed  with  long  processes,  shorter  processes 
frequently  evident  on  the  bridge  which  is  about  a  third  of  their  height; 


64  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [154 

Stamens  shorter  than  or  about  as  long  as  the  lobes;  anthers  oval,  shorter 
than  the  subulate  filaments;  ovary  flask-shaped  with  a  long  somewhat 
two-beaked  neck;  styles  shorter  than  the  ovary.  Capsule  globose,  flask- 
shaped,  beaked,  enveloped  by  the  withered  corolla;  seeds  light  brown, 
about  2.4  mm.  long,  varying  from  one  to  four  in  each  capsule,  slightly 
rostrate,  obovate  or  oblong,  oblique;  hUum  oblique  or  transverse,  the 
umbilical  area  slightly  striated. 

Type  locality:  Little  Craggy  Mountains,  N.  Carolina.  Range:  In 
the  Alleghany  Mountains  from  Virginia  to  South  Carolina. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  W.  Virginia  (Gray  &  Sullivant  in  1853), 
White  Sulphur  Springs  (Steele  in  1906).  N.  Carolina  (Rugel,  without  number  or  date, 
perhaps  the  same  as  the  type  collection,  Curtis  in  1845,  Canby  in  1880,  Ashe),  Wa>Tiesville 
(Stanley  5372,  Canby  in  1876),  Balsam  Mts.  (Ball  in  1890,  Canby  in  1876),  Mt.  Mitchell 
(Biltmore  Herb.  5727),  Transylvania  Co.  (Biltmore  Herb.  5727a),  Buncombe  Co.  (Biltmore 
Herb.  5727b),  Roan  Mt.  (Canby  in  1884,  Chickering  in  1877  and  in  1880,  Cannon  172,  Ashe), 
Biltmore  (Mohr  in  1899),  Little  Craggy  Mts.  (Rugel  in  1841,  the  type,  in  the  Engelmann 
Herb.),  Grandfather  Mt.  to  LinviUe  (Hitchcock  in  1905),  Swain  Co.  (Beardsley  &  Kofoid  in 
1891).  5.  Caro/tna  (Buckley  in  1842).  Tennessee;  C<xkt  Co.  (Kearney  842),  Gattingsberg 
(Canby  in  1888). 

Cuscuta  gronovii  Willdenow 
C.  gronovii  Willdenow  in  Roemer  &  Schultes  Syst.,  6:205,  1820. — Choisy  M6m.  Soc.  Phys. 
et  Hist.  Nat.  Geneve,  9:281,  pi.  4,  fig.  3,  1841;  and  in  DC,  Prodromus,  9:459,  1845.— 
Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:507,  1859. — Matthew,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club, 
20,  pi.  165,  fig.  9,  1893.— Britton  &  Brown,  Ulustr.  Flora,  3:30,  fig.  2963,  1898;  2  ed., 
3:51,  fig.  3449,  1913.— Stevens,  Amer.  Joum.  Bot.,  3:185,  figs.  7-8,  1916. 
Epithymum  gronovii  (Willdenow)  Nieuwland  &  Lunell,  Amer.  Mid.  Nat.,  4:511,  1916. 

Stems  medium  to  coarse.  Flowers  glabrous,  about  2-4  mm.  long, 
pentamerous,  on  pedicels  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  flowers,  in  loose  or 
dense  panicled  cymes;  calyx  lobes  broad,  ovate,  orbicular  or  oblong,  obtuse, 
overlapping,  shorter  than  or  equalling  the  coroUa  tube,  sometimes  some- 
what serrated;  corolla  campanulate,  its  lobes  as  long  as  or  shorter  than  the 
tube,  obtuse,  spreading;  scales  variable,  shorter  than  the  tube  or  equalling 
it,  ovate  or  oblong,  infrequently  more  or  less  truncated  or  divided,  deeply 
fringed  with  longer  processes  towards  the  apex  and  shorter  ones  towards 
the  base  and  frequently  on  the  bridge  which  is  below  the  middle;  stamens 
nearly  as  long  as  the  lobes;  filaments  longer  than  the  oval  anthers;  styles 
shorter  than  the  globose,  conical  ovary.  Capsule  globose-conic,  umbonate, 
enveloped  by  the  corolla  or  infrequently  bearing  this  about  its  apex;  seeds 
about  1.5  mm.  long,  two  to  four  in  a  capsule,  compressed,  obliquely  ovate, 
slightly  rostrate,  brown;  hilum  linear,  oblique  or  transverse. 

The  specimens  of  this  species  show  great  variation  in  the  size  of  flowers 
and  shape  of  parts. 

Key  to  the  varieties 
CoroUa  ordinarily  surrounding  (not  capping)  the  capsule. 

Calyx  lobes  about  as  long  as  the  shallowly  campanulate  corolla latiflora 

Caly-x  lobes  usually  shorter  than  the  more  cylindrical  corolla vulgivaga 

Corolla  capping  the  capsule caiypirata 


155]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  65 

Cuscuta  gronovii  latiflora  Engelmann 
[Figure  37  f-g] 
C.  gronovii  latiflora  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :508,  1859. 
C  saururi  Engelmann,  Amer.  Joum.  Sci.  &  Arts,  43:339,  pi.  6,  figs.  17-21,  1842. 
C.  gronomi  saururi  MacMillan,  Geol.  &  Nat.  Hist.  Surv.  of  Minn.  I.     The  Metaspermae  of  the 
Minnesota  Valley,  p.  430,  1892. 

Calyx  lobes  nearly  as  long  as  or  equalling  the  shallowly  campanulate 
corolla,  the  lobes  of  which  equal  the  tube. 

Type  location:  "In  the  'American  Bottom'  opposite  St.  Louis." 
Range:     New  Jersey  and  westward  to  Missouri  and  southward  to  Texas. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  New  Jersey;  New  Brunswick  (Vail  in  1890), 
Spotswood  (Taylor  2606).  Pennsylvania;  Harrisburg  (Porter  in  1879),  York  Co.  (without 
indication  of  collector).  ///i«ow;  Opposite  St.  Louis  (Geyer  in  1841,  taken  as  the  type, 
in  the  Engelmann  Herb.,  Engelmann  in  1843,  Eggert  in  1877).  Missouri  (Short  in  1843), 
St.  Louis  (Engehnann  in  1841,  in  1845,  Riehl  in  1843),  Butler  Co.  (Russell),  Clay  Co. 
(Mackenzie  370),  Webb  City  (Palmer  2737),  Jasper  Co.  (Palmer  1292).  Indian  Territory; 
Cherokee  Nation  (Blankinship  in  1895).     Texas;  Dallas  (Reverchon). 

Cuscuta  gronovii  vulgivaga  Engelmann 
[Figures  37  a-e,  100,  101  and  148] 

C.  gronovii  vM/gtuaga  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:508,  1859. 

C.  vulgivaga  Engelmann,  Amer.  Joum.  Sci.  &  Arts,  43:338,  pi.  6,  figs.  12-16,  1842. 

C.  americana  of  various  authors,  according  to  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :508, 

1859;  in  sjmon. 
C.  polyantha  Shuttleworth  in  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:508,  1859;  in  sjoion. 
C.  umbrosa  Beyrich  in  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:508,  1859;  in  synon. 

Corolla  deeper,  less  openly  campanulate  than  in  variety  latiflora,  its 
lobes  ordinarily  shorter  than  the  tube;  calyx  lobes  usually  not  reaching 
the  sinuses.     The  commonest  of  the  varieties. 

C.  vulgivaga  of  Engelmann  when  published  was  made  to  consist  of 
three  nominal  varieties  though  he  did  not  keep  up  this  segregation  later. 
These  were  variety  laxiflora  which  may  have  been  considered  most  repre- 
sentative of  the  species  and  which  included  most  of  the  material  from  the 
interior  of  the  country,  and  the  type  of  which  seems  to  have  been  a  speci- 
men collected  in  New  York  state  by  Dr.  Gray;  variety  glomerata  from 
Vermont,  collected  by  Carey  and  variety  teiramera  from  Connecticut, 
collected  by  Carey. 

Type  locality:  "Western  New  York."  Type  not  seen.  Range: 
From  Canada  to  Florida  and  westward  to  Nebraska,  Arizona  and  Texas. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Maine  (Ricker  469),  Aroostook  Co.  (Femald 
88),  Veazie  (Knight  in  1905),  Maxfield  (Ricker  1396,  1397),  Auburn  (Merrill  699),  Machias- 
port  (Barber  in  1898),  Leeds  (Sturtevant  in  1862),  Orono  (Harvey  &  Harvey  699  and  in 
1895),  Cape  Elizabeth  (Gayle  811).  Massachusetts;  Belmont  (Pound  in  1889),  Andover 
(Foster  in  1901),  Littleton  (Harwood  in  1901),  Williamstown  (without  name  of  collector, 
Day  64),  So.  Hadley  (Cook  in  1887),  Northampton  (Stevens  in  1895),  Morrison  (Morris  in 
1897),  Cambridge  (Engelmann  in  1856),  Nonquit  (Sturtevant  in  1888),  Lincoln  (Greenman 
2138),  Amherst  (Woolson  17194),  Hampden  Co.  (Seymour  20),  Riverside  (Greenman  1478). 
Rhode  Island;  Cumberland  (Greenman  1825).     Connecticut;  Cromwell  (Brandegee  in  1869), 


66  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [156 

Bridgeport  (Eames  in  1894).  New  Hampshire  (Carey).  Vermont;  Brandon  (Knowlton  in 
1895),  Wallingford  (Banker  556).  Maryland;  Chesapeake  Bay  (ShuU  112,  189,  289,  368), 
Elkton  (Shreve  381),  Cabin  John  (Chase  2626).  District  of  Columbia;  Washington  (Steele  in 
1912,  Tweedy  in  1890  ,  Oldberg  in  1872,  Ward  in  1876,  Hitchcock  in  1904).  West  Virginia; 
Greenbriar  Co.  (Steele  in  1906),  Aurora  (Steele  in  1898),  Jefferson  Co.  (Palmer  22), 
Upshur  Co.,  Bucklin  (Pollock).  Virginia;  Luray  (Steele  93),  Marion  (Rydberg  8073). 
New  Jersey;  Passaic  Co.  (Mackenzie  3797),  Camden  (Martindale).  N.  Carolina;  (Chalmot, 
Curtis  in  1845,  Buckley  in  1844),  Plymouth  (Hemmick  4),  Biltmore  (Biltmore  Herb.  2126a), 
Polk  Co.  (Townsend  in  1897),  Stanley  Co.,  Falls  of  Yadkin  River  (Small  in  1894),  Ashville 
(Gray  &  Sullivant  in  1843),  Hillsborough  (Curtis).  S.  Carolina;  Oconee  Co.  (Anderson 
1385),  Big  Stone  (Williams  in  1892).  Florida;  Lee  Co.  (Hitchcock  232),  Ft.  Meyer  (Simpson 
380).  Alabama  (Buckley  in  1841,  Shuttleworth  in  1843),  Mobile  (Mohr  in  1872,  in  1882, 
in  1893  and  in  1896) ,  Marshall  Co.  (Milligan  in  1907) ,  Franklin  Co.  (Prout  in  1840) .  Georgia; 
(Carey),  Rome  (Without  name  of  collector,  in  1891).  Louisiana;  New  Orleans  (Cocks), 
Natchitoches  (Palmer  8710).  Tennessee;  Nashville  (Gattinger  in  1886),  Knoxville  (Bain 
in  1894),  Chattanoga  (Engelmann  in  1876),  Hiawassee  Valley  (Ruth  8),  Jackson  (Bain  338). 
Kentucky  (Short  in  1840),  Bell  Co.  (Kearney  472,  588).  New  York;  Oneida  Co.  (Maxon 
in  1897),  West  Chester  Co.  (Pollard  in  1894),  Oxford  (CoviUe  in  1895),  Dutchess  Co. 
(Standley  &  BuUman  12271),  New  Lebanon  (Harrison  in  1888),  Round  Lake  (McCall  in 
1877),  Coeman  Hollow  (Shear  in  1891),  Fort  Ann  (Burnham  37),  LeRoy  (Hill  151-1871), 
Honeoye  Lake  (Hill  81-1884),  Buffalo  (Clinton  in  1864),  Tarrytown  (Schrenk  in  1892), 
Oswego  Co.,  South  Scriba  (Rowlee  in  1906).  Pennsylvania;  Meadville  (Clinton),  Easton 
(Porter  in  1869),  Buck  Co.  (Mayer  in  1867),  Penn  Yan  (Bartwell),  Millersville  (Small  in 
1890),  York  Co.  (Heller  &  Halbach  1357),  SeUersviUe  (Fretz  in  1882),  Reading  (Bischoff  in 
1848),  Lower  Merron"'(Redfield  5853),  Fairmont  Park  (Redfield  5854),  Chester  Co.  (Canby 
3),  Bethlehem  (Moser  1832),  Montgomery  Co.  (Brinton  in  1888),  Philadelphia  (Greenman 
1477),  Pocono  Plateau  (Harshberger  in  1904).  Ohio;  Oxford  (Fink  305),  Berea  (Ashcraft 
in  1895),  Albion  (Ashcraft  in  1895),  GranviUe  (Jones  1370),  Elyria  (Dick  in  1890  and  in  1895), 
Painesville  (Beardslee  in  1876).  Michigan;  Flint  (Clark  4264),  Lansing  (without  name  of 
collector,  in  1885),  Cass  Co.  (Pepoon  190,  191,  450),  Rochester  (Brotherton  in  1898),  Green- 
ville (Barlow  in  1900),  Macomb  Co.  (Cooley  in  1882),  Alma  (Davis  in  1889  and  in  1892), 
Van  Buren  Co.  (Pepoon  837,  892),  Berrien  Co.  (Lansing  3301),  Haslett  (Yuncker  742), 
Portland  (Yuncker  695).  Indiana;  Steuben  Co.  (Deam  in.  1904,  1906),  Indianapolis 
(Yuncker  in  1916),  Putnam  Co.  (McDougal  in  1889),  Muncie  (Brady  in  1896),  Notre  Dame 
(Nieuwland  11500),  Olio  (Wilson  in  1897),  Adams  Co.  (Deam  5364  in  part),  Whitley  Co. 
(Deam  21696,  in  1897),  Clark  Co.  (Deam  5473,  7600,  23800),  Brown  Co.  (Deam  12225), 
Jefferson  Co.  (Deam  18784),  Noble  Co.  (Deam  14701),  Lagrange  Co.  (Deam  14888),  Hamil- 
ton Co.  (Deam  12129),  Decatur  Co.  (Deam  9535),  Carroll  Co.  (Deam  15339),  Jackson  Co. 
(Deam  30240),  Dubois  Co.  (Deam  28267),  Vigo  Co.  (Deam  24014),  Knox  Co.  (Deam  26575), 
St.  Joseph  Co.  (Deam  26391),  Harrison  Co.  (Deam  26831),  Wayne  Co.  (Deam  23860), 
Porter  Co.  (Deam  29812),  Posey  Co.  (Deam  22339),  Franklin  Co.  (Deam  in  1903).  Illinois; 
St.  Clair  Co.  (Eggert  in  1891),  Chicago  (Moffatt  1650  =  525),  Gardner's  Park  (Chase  600), 
South  Chicago  (Hill  134-1882),  Mt.  Carmel  (Schneck),  Pahnyra  (Schneck),  Stark  Co, 
(Chase  169,  and  in  1896),  Canton  (Hovey),Elgin  (Sherff  1813, 1979),  Peoria  Co.  (Chase  1181). 
Peoria  (McDonald  in  1886  and  in  1887),  Beardstown  (Geyer  in  1842),  Bluff  Lake  (Pammel 
in  1886),  Athens  (Hall  in  1860),  Joliet  (Greenman  2695).  Wisconsin;  Milwaukee  (Lapham 
in  1842,  Hasse  in  1882),  Madison  (without  indication  of  collector,  in  1893),  Fulton  (Hall  2). 
Minnesota;  Little  Lake  (Taylor  in  1892),  Aiken  Co.  (Sandberg  841),  Wabasha  Co.  (Scott  in 
1886),  Clitherall  (Campbell  in  1897),  Winona  (Holzinger  in  1888),  Minneapolis  (Sandberg 
in  1890).  S.  Dakota  (Duffey  in  1889,  Griffiths  &  Slosser  38,  105).  Missouri  (Bush  in  1888), 
Butler  Co.  (Eggert  in  1893),  Monteer  (Bush  215,  4909,  7868),  Green  Co.  (Standley  9502), 


157]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  67 

Turner  (Standley  9848),  Sibley  (Bush  812),  Fish  Lake  (Bush  in  1888),  St.  Louis  (Eggert  in 
1878),  Polk  Co.  (Standley  9902),  Jackson  Co.  (Bush  1011,  1067),  Barry  Co.  (Trelease  1112), 
McDonald  Co.  (Palmer  4149),  Meramec  (Pammel  in  1886),  Bismark  (Bush  in  1893),  Camp- 
beU  (Bush  in  1893),  Taney  Co.  (Eggleston  12249),  Jasper  Co.  (Palmer  808,  2737,  2821). 
Nebraska;  Holt  Co.  (Clements  2799)^),  Lincoln  (without  indication  of  collector  in  1889). 
Arizona;  Grand  Canyon  (Eggert  in  1886).  Texas;  Columbia  (Bush  1509,  1568,  1569). 
Arkansas;  Prescott  (HoUister  120),  Little  Rock  (without  name  of  collector,  in  1885),  Baxter 
Co.  (Palmer  4757),  Marion  Co.  (Pahner  8407).  Indian  Territory  (Bush  387),  Cherokee 
Nation  (Blankinship  in  1895),  Sapulpa  (Bush  1416). 

Canada:  (Armstrong  in  1892).  Ontario;  Kingston  (Fowler  in  1884  and  in  1894).  New 
Brunswick;  Miramichi,  Black  River  (Fowler  in  1892),  Fredricton  (Fowler  in  1880).  Quebec; 
Longueuil  (Brother  Victorin  3147). 

Cuscuta  gronovii  calyptrata  Engelmann 
C.  gronovii  calyptrata  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:508,  1859. 
C.  calyptrata  (Engelmann)  Small,  Flora  of  the  Southeastern  United  States,  p.  969,  1903. 
C.  bonariensis  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :508,  1859;  in  synon. 

Flowers  deeper  campanulate  and  relatively  larger;  corolla  surrounding 
the  apex  of  the  capsule.  The  specimens  of  C.  bonariensis  in  Engelmann's 
herbarium  are  definitely  characterized  by  the  corolla  capping  the  capsule, 
but  it  is  somewhat  doubtful  to  the  writer  if  the  specimens  of  C.  gronovii 
exhibiting  this  character  less  definitely  are  the  same. 

Type  locality:     Western  Louisiana.     Range:    Texas  to  Louisiana. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Louisiana  (Gregg,  taken  as  the  type,  in  the 
Engelmann  Herb.).     Texas;  Houston  (Lindheimer  in  1841,  235?). 

Cuscuta  curta  (Engelmann)  Rydberg 
[Figures  38,  98,  99  and  136] 
C.  curta  (Engelmann)  Rydberg,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  40:466,  1913. — Stevens,  Amer.  Journ. 

Bet.,  3:185,  figs.  5-6,  1916;  (not  C.  plattensis). 
C.  umbrosa  Hooker,  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  2:78,  1840;  (in  part)  according  to  Engelmann,  Trans. 

Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:508,  1859. 
C.  gronovii  curta  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:508,  1859. 
C.  megalocarpa  Rydberg,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  28:501,  1901. 

Stems  coarse.  Flowers  glabrous,  about  2-3  mm.  long,  pentamerous, 
on  short  pedicels  as  long  as  or  sometimes  shorter  than  the  flowers,  in 
cymose  panicles,  the  clusters  becoming  globular  because  of  the  growth 
and  crowding  of  the  capsules;  calyx  lobes  ovate,  obtuse,  overlapping,  their 
edges  infrequently  slightly  serrulate  and  uneven,  reaching  about  the 
middle  of  the  corolla;  corolla  campanulate;  lobes  triangular,  obtuse,  spread- 
ing ordinarily  reflexed  in  fruit,  scales  shorter  than  the  tube,  rather  variable, 
but  mostly  truncated  or  more  or  less  divided  and  fringed  with  medium 
length  processes,  bridged  at  about  the  middle;  stamens  slightly  shorter 
than  or  about  as  long  as  the  corolla  lobes;  anthers  oval,  about  equal  to  or 
shorter  than  the  subulate  filaments;  ovary  globose-conic,  styles  very  short, 
about  one-fourth  the  length  of  the  ovary.  Capsule  globose-conic,  some- 
what umbonate  or  beaked,  3-6  mm.  in  diameter,  with  the  withered  corolla 


68  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [158 

mostly  about  the  upper  part  but  sometimes  at  the  base;  intrastylar 
aperture  rather  large;  styles  usually  convergent;  seeds  about  2^2.8  mm. 
long,  slightly  rostrate;  hilum  transverse  or  oblique. 

This  species  is  closely  allied  to  C.  gronovii.  It  differs  from  it,  however, 
in  the  possession  of  a  much  larger  capsule,  shorter  styles,  and  usually  bifid 
and  truncated  scales. 

Type  locality:  "Northwestern  America."  Range:  Minnesota  to 
Wyoming  and  south  to  Colorado  and  New  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Southwest  Kansas  to  New  Mexico  (Bell  in  1867), 
Northwest  America  (Fremont's  3rd  Exped.  79,  the  type,  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.)-  Min- 
nesota; Chatfield  (Hall  3),  Preston  (Hill  66-1876,  Leach  in  1861).  N.  Dakota;  Benson 
(Lunell  in  1909, 1912),  Leeds  (Lunell  in  1907),  Walhalla  (Waldron  1697),  Valley  City  (Perrine 
in  1896),  Ward  Co.  (Lunell  in  1908),  Dunseith  (Lunell  in  1907).  S.  Dakota;  Black  Hills 
(Petersen  in  1909).  Nebraska;  Ashland  (Williams  355).  Colorado;  Huerfano  Co.  (Greene 
in  1913),  Canyon  City  (Brandegee  704),  Platte  Canyon,  Dome  Rock  (Jones  571),  La  Veta 
(Vreeland  670,  the  type  of  C.  megalocarpa,  in  the  N.  Y.  Bot.  Gard.  Herb.) ,  Colorado  Springs 
(Porter  in  1873),  Ute  Pass  (Porter  in  1873),  Manitou  (without  indication  of  collector,  in  1885, 
Mulford  in  1892).  Wyoming;  Horseshoe  Park  (Nelson  5053),  Plumbaga  Canyon  (Schueburt 
in  1893).  Utah  (Tracy  in  1887),  Salt  Lake  City  (Jones  in  1880),  City  Greek  Canyon  (Jones 
1914,  Leonard  250  and  in  1883).  Montana;  Belt  River  (Williams  220).  New  Mexico;  Lincoln 
Co.  (Wooton  &  Standley  3488,  3959),  Balsam  Park  (Ellis  221,  224). 

Cuscuta  deniiculata  Engelmann 

[Figures  46,  83  and  146] 

C  deniiculata  Engelmann,  Amer.  Nat.  9:348,  1875. — Hillman,  Nev.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.  Bull.i 

No.  15,  fig.  5,  1892. 

Stems  very  slender.  Flowers  glabrous,  about  2  mm.  long,  pentamerous 
subtended  by  one  to  three  denticulate,  ovate-lanceolate,  acute  bracts, 
one  to  several  in  scattered  glomerules;  calyx  lobes  orbicular,  obtuse, 
denticulate,  deeply  divided,  overlapping,  enclosing  the  corolla  tube; 
corolla  campanula te,  becoming  urceolate  in  fruit;  lobes  ovate,  oval  or 
slightly  oblong,  somewhat  overlapping,  about  equalling  the  tube,  spread- 
ing to  reflexed;  scales  denticulate,  about  reaching  the  anthers,  oblong-ovate, 
bridged  at  about  the  middle;  anthers  oval,  shorter  than  the  corolla  lobes; 
about  equalling  the  filaments;  styles  shorter  than  the  small  conic  ovary; 
stigmas  small.  Capsule  globose,  conic,  bearing  the  withered  corolla  at 
the  apex,  mostly  one-  or  infrequently  two-seeded;  seed  about  1  mm.  long, 
light  brown,  globose-ovoid;  hilum  small.  The  embryo  is  thickened  into 
a  large  round  knob  at  the  plumule?  end. 

Type  locality:  St.  George,  Utah.  Range:  Southern  Utah,  Nevada 
and  California. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Utah;  St.  George  (Parry  205,  the  type,  in  the 
Engelmann  Herb.).  Nevada;  Esmeralda  Co.  (Schockley  443),  Reno  (Curran  in  1888,  Hillman 
in  1891),  Pyramid  Lake  (Curran  in  1883,  without  indication  of  collector,  in  1883).  California; 
The  Needles  (Jones  in  1884,  Rose  12074),  San  Bernardino  Mts.  (Parish  3230,  3231,  3236), 
Mojave  Desert,  Tehachapi  Pass  (Abrams  &  McGregor  505),  Palmdale  (Abrams  &  McGregor 
522),  San  Diego  Co.  (Orcutt  in  1898),  Barstow  (Brandegee  in  1909),  San  Bernardino  Co. 
(Parish  2436). 


159]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  69 

Cuscuta  veatchii  Brandegee 
C.  cea/c/fw  Brandegee,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  II,  2:189,  1889. 

Stems  medium  to  slender.  Flowers  glabrous,  about  2  mm.  long, 
pentamerous,  on  pedicels  shorter  than  the  flowers,  single  or  in  clusters  of 
two  to  five,  forming  small  lateral  umbels;  calyx  membranous,  longer  than 
the  corolla  tube;  lobes  ovate-deltoid,  overlapping,  acute,  denticulate;  corolla 
campanulate;  lobes  ovate  and  acute  to  lanceolate  and  acuminate,  edges 
denticulate,  as  long  as  the  tube,  slightly  overlapping,  spreading;  scales 
thin,  rather  difficult  to  study,  reaching  the  filaments  or  infrequently  shorter, 
fringed  with  medium  length  processes,  bridged  at  about  the  middle; 
stamens  on  filaments  shorter  than  or  equalling  the  oval  anthers;  styles 
about  as  long  as  the  globose-ovoid  ovary;  stigmas  capitate.  Capsule 
globose-ovoid,  carrying  the  withered  corolla  at  the  apex;  seeds,  usually 
but  one  in  each  capsule,  roundish,  light  brown,  pitted  (?);  hilum  terminal. 
The  embryo  is  enlarged  at  the  plumule  (?)  end  into  a  large  round  knob,  as 
in  C  denticulata. 

This  species  is  in  many  respects  similar  to  C.  denticulata,  but  differs  in 
its  more  deltoid  calyx  lobes  and  in  the  flowers  being  somewhat  pedicellate. 
(Rare  and  exceptional  specimens  of  C.  denticulata  are  also  somewhat  pedi- 
cellate.) 

Cuscuta  veatchii  typica 
[Figures  48  a-e  and  60] 

Corolla  lobes  deltoid-ovate,  acute;  anthers  oval,  on  short  filaments; 
scales  ordinarily  about  reaching  the  filaments. 

Type  locality:  Ubi,  Lower  California.  Range:  From  southern 
California  to  Lower  California. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  California;  The  Needles  (Jones  3862),  San 
Diego  Co.  (Orcutt). 

Mexico:  Lower  California;  Santa  Maria  (Brandegee  in  1889),  Ubi  (Brandegee 
in  1889,  the  type,  in  Univ.  Calif.  Herb,  as  sheet  105,066),   San  Roquis  (Brandegee  in  1889). 

Cuscuta  veatchii  apoda  n.  var. 
[Figure  48  f] 
Corolla  lobes  lanceolate,  acute  to  acuminate,  slightly  longer  than  the 
tube;  scales  shorter  than  the  tube;  anthers  oval-oblong,  sessile. 
Type  locality:    Las  Vegas,  Nevada.     Range:    Nevada. 
Specimens  examined:    United  States:    Nevada;  Las  Vegas  (Goodding  2296,  Wooton 
in  1916,  the  tjTje,  in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb,  as  sheet  768,922,    Brandegee  in  1915),  Sodaville 
(Brandegee  in  1913). 

Cuscuta  subinclusa  Durand  &  Hilgard 
[Figures  47,  73  and  147] 

C.  subinclusa  Durand  &  Hilgard,  Joum.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  II,  3:42,  1855.— Engelmann, 

Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:500,  1859. 
?C.  ceanothi  Behr,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  1:17,  .854. 


70  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [160 

Stems  medium,  somewhat  fleshy  in  some  specimens.  Flowers  about 
5-6  mm.  long,  pentamerous,  sessile  or  on  pedicels  shorter  than  the  flowers 
in  few  to  several  flowered  clusters  which  may  be  either  scattered  or  approxi- 
mated into  dense,  continuous  masses;  calyx  not  reaching,  or  surpassing  the 
middle  of  the  corolla  tube;  lobes  broadly  ovate  to  lanceolate,  acute,  some- 
times cuspidate,  overlapping,  somewhat  loose  about  the  corolla;  corolla 
cylindrical,  usually  showing  cross  wrinkles  or  striations,  slightly  fleshy, 
the  cells  somewhat  lens  shaped  causing  the  edges  of  thelobestobecrenulate; 
lobes  slightly  overlapping,  ovate,  acute,  erect  to  spreading,  much  shorter 
than  the  tube;  scales  oblong,  about  half  as  long  as  the  tube,  fringed  with 
short  processes,  bridged  at  about  one-third  of  their  height;  anthers  oblong, 
subsessile  to  sessile;  styles  slender,  much  longer  than  the  subglobose  ovary; 
stigmas  capitate.  Capsule  oval,  pointed,  thickened  in  the  form  of  a  collar 
about  the  intrastylar  aperture,  capped  by  the  withered  corolla;  seeds  about 
1.8  mm.  long,  usually  but  one  in  each  capsule,  globose,  slightly  compressed, 
yellow  brown;  hilum  situated  at  the  broader  end  in  a  depression,  short, 
oblong,  oblique. 

Type  location :  Tejon  Pass,  California.  Type  not  seen.  Range :  Pacific 
coast  states,  from  Oregon  to  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Valley  of  Palms  (Jones  3712).  California 
(Bolander  2698,  2849,  6381,  Lemmon  in  1878,  Brewer  1292,  in  part.  Bridges,  Bioletti  in  1892, 
Wright  in  1853-56,  Rattan  293,  Newberry),  Mt.  Taraalpais  (Jepson  in  1892,  Chesnut  in 
1887),  Cuyamaca  (Hitchcock  in  1915),  Vacaville  (Jepson  3b;  3c);  Napa  Mts.  (Jepson  4a), 
Santa  Cruz  Mts.  (Hitchcock  205),  Sequoia  Nat.  Park  (Copeland  73),  Owen's  Valley  (Horn  in 
1863,  2849),  Claremont  (Baker  3954),  Calaveras  Co.  (Hansen  1275),  San  Bernardino  Co. 
(Pringle  145),  San  Bernardino  Valley  (Parish  5533),  San  Bernardino  (Parish  539,  3958), 
Napa  Co.  (Chandler  7123),  Napa  River  Basin  (Jepson,  1735,  7124),  Nevada  Co.  (Jones  2490), 
Lake  Co.  (Bolander  2674),  Los  Angeles  Co.  (Brewer  68),  St.  Helena  (Jepson  70a;  70b),  Niles 
(Jepson  125b),  Sherman  (Braunton  in  1902),  Redondo  (Braunton  in  1902),  Los  Angeles 
(Hasse  in  1890),  Santa  Clara  Co.  (Baker  57),  Sierra  Co.  (Brewer  2698),  Quincy  (Eggleston 
7649),  Lassen's  Peak  (Austin  492),  Rubio  Canyon  (Peirson  150),  Contra  Costa  Co.  (Bolan- 
der 2436),  Modoc  Co.  (Manning  497,  498),  Lathrop  (Bioletti  in  1892),  San  Joaquin  River 
Bridge  (Brandegee  in  1892),  Ramona  (Brandegee  in  1894),  Mt.  Wilson  (Peirson  261),  Tulare 
Co.  (Engehnann  in  1880,  Congdon  69),  Ojai  Valley  (Thacher  34),  Old  Colony  Mill  (Brande- 
gee in  1905),  Visalia  (Congdon  in  1881),  Placer  Co.  (Carpenter  in  1892),  Mendocino  Co. 
(Vasey  in  1875),  Solano  Co.  (Jepson  &  Woolsey  4c;  Jepson  4d;  4e),  San  Jacinto  Mts.  (Hall  in 
1901),  Fresno  Co.  (Grant  1141),  Yosemite  Park  (HaJl  9675,  with  exceptionally  large  flowers), 
Nevada  Falls  (Redfield  5859),  Placerville  (Remy  in  1855),  Mare  Island  Bay  (Wright  in  1875), 
Napa  Valley  (Greene  335) ,  Black  Rock  Mts.  (Leiberg  5268) ,  Butte  Co.  (Heller  1 1588) ,  Madera 
Co.  (Murdoc  2537),  Mariposa  Co.  (Congdon  in  1903).  Oregon;  Lakeview  (Coville  &  Leiberg 
150). 

Mexico:    Lower  California  (Fish  in  1882),  Todos  Santos  (Fish  in  1883). 

Cuscuia  salina  Engelmann 
C.  salina  Engelmann  in  Brewer,  Watson  &  Gray,  Bot.  of  Calif.  Geol.  Survey  Publ.,  1 :536, 1880. 
Stems   very   slender.     Flowers   glabrous,   about   2.5-4.5   mm.   long, 
pentamerous,  on  pedicels  mostly  shorter  than  the  flowers  in  cymose 


161)        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  71 

clusters;  calyx  lobes  ovate  to  somewhat  lanceolate,  acute  to  acuminate,  as 
long  as  the  corolla  tube;  corolla  campanulate,  shallow  or  somewhat 
cylindrical;  lobes  as  long  as  the  tube,  ovate  to  lanceolate  acute  to  acumin- 
ate, upright,  sometimes  spreading;  edges  of  the  lobes  frequently  some- 
what uneven,  more  or  less  overlapping;  scales  narrow,  oblong,  shorter 
than  the  tube,  fringed  with  short  processes,  closely  attached  to  the  tube 
for  nearly  their  entire  length,  sometimes  with  only  the  attachment  to  the 
filament  fringed,  bridged  somewhat  below  the  middle,  or  the  scales  reduced 
to  small  wings;  anthers  oval,  on  equal  or  shorter  subulate  filaments;  styles 
slightly  subulate,  shorter  than  or  equalling  the  globose,  pointed  ovary. 
Capsule  globose,  pointed,  usually  one-seeded,  surrounded  by  the  withered 
corolla;  seeds  about  1.5  mm.  long,  globose-ovoid,  rostrate;  hilum  short, 
oval,  transverse.     Commonly  found  parasitizing  saline  herbs. 

Cuscuta  salina  squamigera  (Engelmann)  n.  comb. 
[Figure  126] 
C.  calif ornica  squamigera  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :499,  1859. 
C  subinclusa  abbremata  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :500,  1859. 
C.  squamigera  (Engelmann)  Piper,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.,  11:455,  1906. 

Flowers  relatively  small,  more  narrowly  campanulate  than  in  the 
following  variety;  corolla  slightly  fleshy,  the  cells  somewhat  lens  shape; 
lobes  of  the  calyx  and  corolla  ovate-lanceolate,  acute. 

Type  locality:  Rio  Virgen,  Utah.  Range:  British  Columbia  to 
California  and  Arizona.     A  doubtful  specimen  comes  from  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  Canada:  British  Columbia;  Vancouver  Island  (Macoun  85812, 
85818). 

United  States:  Washington;  Temescal  (Jepson  1570);  San  Juan  Islands  (Zeller  1129). 
Utah;  Washington  (Jones  in  1880),  St.  George  (Jones in  1880),  Rio  Virgen  (Remy  in  1855,  the 
type  of  C.  calif  ornica  squamigera,  a  fragment  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.),  southern  Utah  (Parry 
206).  California  (Lemmon  in  1878),  San  Jacinto  Valley  (Vasey  436),  Solano  Co.  (Jepson  5a), 
Santa  Barbara  (Rothrock  101),  San  Bernardino  Co.  (Parish  2174,  6012),  San  Diego  (Abrams 
4015,  Collins  &  Kempton  328),  Long  Beach  (McClatchie  in  1896),  Vallejo  (Greene  327),  Santa 
Cruz  (Jones  in  1901,  2316),  Oxnard  (Burtt-Davy  7831^)-  Arizona;  Tucson  (Thornber  7516), 
Maricopa  (Thornber  in  1901),  Sacaton  (Thornber  2462). 

Mexico:     Tepic;  San  Bias  (PMaltby  21,  fragmentary). 

Cuscuta  salina  major  n.  var. 
[Figures  32  a-e,  121  and  140] 

Flowers  larger  than  in  the  last,  broadly  campanulate;  corolla  lobes 
broadly  ovate,  acute,  overlapping,  spreading.  The  two  varieties  are 
closely  united  by  intermediate  forms. 

Type  locality:  Palo  Alto,  California.  Range:  British  Columbia  to 
California,  usually  parasitizing  Salicornia. 

Specimens  examined:  Canada:  British  Columbia;  Crescent  (Henry  4912,  4913),  Van- 
couver Island,  Victoria  (Pineo,  Macoun  in  1887). 

United  States:  Oregon;  Along  coast  (House  4683).  Washington  (Stevens  in  1853), 
Port  Angeles  (Foster  1863),  Union  City  (Piper  715),  Westport  (Cowles  520),  Seattle  (Zeller 


72  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [162 

in  1910).  California  (Kellog  &  Harford  779),  San  Francisco  Bay  (Hall  5721),  Palo  Alto 
(Baker  41,  the  type,  in  the  N.  Y.  Bot.  Gard.  Herb.),  Mendocino  Co.  (McMurphy  54), 
Santa  Clara  Co.  (Elmer  1757),  San  Francisco  (Bolander  2491),  Bucksport  (Tracy  3551), 
Mariposa  (Congdon  in  1901),  Eureka  (Hitchcock  in  1915),  Santa  Cruz  Mts.  (Hitchcock  188), 
Humboldt  Bay  (Tracy  1256),  San  Diego  (Brandegee,  Berg  in  1904),  Head  of  San  Joaquin 
Valley  (Burtt-Davy  1966),  San  Mateo  Co.  (Abrams  in  1906),  Coronado  '(Berg  in  1904), 
West  Berkeley  (Michener  &  Bioletti  in  1891,  Burtt-Davy  in  1896,  King  in  1894),  Los  Angeles 
Co.     (Chandler  2043),  San  Diego  Co.  (Parish  2281),  Oakland  (Congdon  in  1904). 

Cuscuta  salina  acuminata  n.  var. 
[Figures  32  f-g  and  89] 
Perianth  divisions  lanceolate,  acuminate.     Scales  apparently  nearly 
absent  or  reduced  to  a  very  few  lateral  projections. 

Type  location:  On  an  island  of  a  mountain  lake,  Skamania  Co., 
Washington. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Washington;  Skamania  Co.,  on  an  island  of  a 
mountain  lake  (Suksdorf  1487,  the  type,  in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb,  as  sheet  49,803).  California; 
southeastern  part  (Purpus  5678). 

Subsection  lepidanche  Engelmann 
Cuscuta  §  Lepidanche  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:509,  1859. 

Flowers  pedicelled  or  sessile  in  compact  clusters;  calyx  lobes  free, 
surrounded  by  subtending  bracts. 

Key  to  the  species 
Flowers  pedicelled,  loosely  paniculate,  bracts  numerous  or  few  in  the  inflorescence,  usually 

at  least  one  subtending  each  flower C.  cuspidata  (p.  72). 

Flowers  sessile  in  more  or  less  dense  clusters. 

Bracts  acute,  closely  appressed C.  squamata  (p.  73). 

Bracts  acute,  squarrose C  glomerata  (p.  74). 

Bracts  obtuse,  closely  appressed C.  compacta  (p.  75). 

Cuscuta  cuspidata  Engelmann 
[Figures  49,  105  and  134] 
C.  cuspidata  Engelmann,  Bost.  Joum.  Nat.  Hist.,  5:224,  1847;  and  in  Trans.  Acad.  Sci. 
St.  Louis,  1:502,  1859.— Matthew,  BuU.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  20,  pi.  165.  fig.  8,  1893.— 
Britton  &  Brown,  lUustr.  Hora,  3:30,  fig.  2965,  1898;  2  ed.,  3:51,  fig.  3451,  1913. 
C  cuspidata  pratensis  Engelmann,  Bost.  Joum.  Nat.  Hist.,  5:224,  1847. 
C.  cuspidata  humida  Engelmann,  Bost.  Joum.  Nat.  Hist.,  5:224,  1847. 

Stems  medium.  Flowers  glabrous,  about  4  mm.  long,  pentamerous, 
membranous,  pedicelled  or  subsessile  in  loose  or  dense  panicled  clusters,  the 
whole  inflorescence  more  or  less  bracteate;  calyx  of  distinct  or  very  slightly 
united  segments,  subtended  by  one  or  two  ovate,  orbicular,  obtuse,  some- 
times cuspidate  bracts,  sepals  of  similar  shape,  obtuse  or  cuspidate,  some- 
what glandular  thickened  along  the  median  portion  and  with  the  edges 
more  or  less  serrulate;  corolla  funnel  shape;  lobes  oblong,  shorter  than  the 
tube,  obtuse  or  with  a  mucronate  or  cuspidate  tip,  usually  with  a  row  of 
glandular  cells  along  the  median  portion;  scales  oblong,  shorter  than  the 
tube  or  reaching  the  filaments,  fringed  with  medium  length  processes, 


163]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  73 

bridged  at  about  the  middle;  styles  slender  and  much  longer  than  the 
globose-oblong  or  slightly  conic  ovary;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes; 
anthers  oval,  somewhat  cordate,  slightly  versatile,  usually  shorter  than 
the  filaments.  Capsule  globose,  with  a  slightly  thickened  ridge  or  collar 
about  the  intrastylar  aperture,  frequently  with  numerous  glandular  cells, 
carrying  the  withered  corolla  at  the  apex;  seeds  about  1.4  mm.  long,  olive 
brown,  slightly  obovate,  compressed  or  angular;  hilum  short,  oblong  or 
oval,  oblique  or  nearly  transverse. 

When  Engelmann  described  this  species  he  segregated  two  varieties 
(variety  pratensis  and  variety  humida),  a  distinction  that  he  did  not 
maintain,  however,  in  his  later  publications.  It  has  been  impossible  to 
differentiate  varieties  although  the  forms  included  here  show  considerable 
variation  in  the  number  of  bracts,  texture  of  the  flowers,  etc. 

Type  locality:  "Dry  prairies  west  of  the  Brazos."  Range:  Mostly 
in  the  prairie  states;  from  Illinois  westward  to  Utah  and  Colorado  and 
southward  to  Texas  and  Louisiana. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Lat.  41°  (Hall  &  Harbour  404).  Connecticut; 
New  Haven  (Eaton,  ex.  Herb.  Thurber  in  Herb.  G.  V.  Nash.  Seems  typ\ca\,  but  probably 
not  collected  in  Conn.).  Illinois;  St.  Clair  Co.  (Eggert  in  1878,  in  1891),  Mascoutah  (Welsch), 
Cahokia  (Eggert  in  1874).  A'.  Dakota;  Towner  (Lunell  842),  McHenry  Co.  (Lunell  in  1908). 
S.  Dakota;  Brookings  Co.  (Johnson  in  1903).  Nebraska;  Valentine  (Bates  in  1895),  Grant 
Co.  (Rydberg  1639),  Lincoln  (Hannah  in  1916),  Nichols  Co.  (Hedgcock  in  1889),  Sand 
Hills  of  the  Platte  (Hayden  in  1853-54).  Iowa;  Muscatine  (Reppert  in  1895).  Kansas; 
Finney  Co.  (Hitchcock  359),  Manhattan  (Carleton  in  1892),  Tankton  (without  indication  of 
collector,  in  1892),  Meade  (Smyth  80a,  c,  e,  f,  g,  i,  k),  Rockport  (Bartholomew  in  1889), 
Miami  Co.  (Oyster  5953),  Bourbon  Co.  (Hall  in  1867).  Missouri;  St.  Louis  (Eggert  in  1891), 
Willard  (Standley  9700,  Blankinship  in  1889  and  in  1892),  Maiden  (Bush  in  1893),  Kansas 
City  (Bush  414),  Campbell  (Bush  in  1893),  Pacific  (Thompson  in  1898),  Iron  Cd.  (Russell  in 
1897).  Oklahoma  (DeBarr  460),  Pottawatomie  Co.  (White  in  1900).  Indian  Territory 
(Butler  in  1875),  Sapulpa  (Bush  388,  1359).  Louisiana;  Lake  Charles  (Mackenzie  543). 
New  Mexico;  Arkansas  River  (Fendler  659b).  Texas  (Lindheimer  277),  Victoria  (Thurber 
2),  Dallas  (Reverchon  664,  2194),  Fort  Smith  to  the  Rio  Grande  (Bigelow  3,  and  in 
1853-54),  Polytechnic  (Ruth  317),  Randall  Co.  (Ball  1261),  Moore  Co.  (Carleton  421), 
Austin  Co.  (Wurzlaw),  Fort  Worth  (Reverchon  3202),  Columbia  (Bush  932),  Brazoria  Co. 
(Palmer  6684),  on  the  Blanco  (Wright  in  1847),  west  of  the  Brazos  (Lindheimer  125,  taken 
as  the  type,  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.),  between  San  Antonio  &  Victoria  (Schott),  Wilburger 
Co.  (Eggert).  Colorado  (Parry  273).  Utah;  Ogden  Hot  Springs  (Ries  in  1893),  North 
Ogden  (Hillman). 

Cuscuta  squdmata  Engelmann 
[Figures  51,  117  and  135] 
C.  squamata  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:510,  1859. 

Stems  slender.  Flowers  glabrous,  pentaraerous,  sessile,  few  to  several 
in  separate  or  glomerate  clusters,  subtended  by  2-10  ovate,  acute,  ser- 
rulated, sometimes  cuspidate,  closely  appressed  bracts  that  are  shorter 
than  the  calyx;  calyx  lobes  distinct,  ovate,  acute,  cuspidate,  closely 
appressed,  somewhat  serrulate,  equalling  the  corolla  tube,  in  appearance 


74  JLUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [164 

much  like  the  bracts;  corolla  cylindrical;  lobes  ovate,  lanceolate,  acute, 
sometimes  somewhat  cuspidate,  spreading  or  reflexed;  scales  about  reach- 
ing the  filaments,  oblong,  their  processes  of  medium  length  and  numerous, 
bridged  at  about  the  middle;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes;  filaments  as 
long  as  or  shorter  than  the  oblong-oval  anthers;  ovary  globose  to  slightly 
conic,  somewhat  two-pointed;  styles  longer  than  the  ovary;  stigmas 
capitate.  Capsule  globose,  slightly  conical  to  pointed  by  the  thickened 
apex,  somewhat  glandular  on  the  upper  portion,  carrying  the  withered 
corolla  at  its  apex;  seeds  about  1.5  mm.  long,  slightly  oblique,  one  or 
infrequently  two  in  a  capsule,  globose  or  compressed,  brown,  roughened; 
hilum  short,  linear,  oblique. 

Type  locality:  "Fields  and  wastes  on  the  Rio  Grande,"  Texas. 
Range:    Texas,  New  Mexico  and  northern  Mexico. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Nru}  Mexico;  Dona  Ana  Co.  (Wooton  in  1899 
and  in  1902,  Standley  426,  6370  and  in  1906,  Standley  &  Wooton  336,  in  1906  and  in  1907), 
Chaves  Co.  (Earle  &  Earle  289).  Texas;  El  Paso  (Wright  392,  518,  taken  as  the  type,  in  the 
Engelmann  Herb.,  1628,  Bigelow  in  1852,  Thurber  818,  Jones  4170,  in  1884,  Steams  455), 
Presidio  Valley  (Havard  in  1881  and  in  1883). 

Mexico:    Chihuahua  (Pringle  785),  Presidio  del  Norte  (Parry  in  1852), 

Cuscuta  glomerate  Choisy 

[Figures  50,  120  and  137] 

C.  glotnerata  Choisy,  M£m.  Soc.  Ph>'s.  et  Hist.  Xat.  Geneve,  9:280,  pi.  4,  fig.  1,  1841;  and  in 

DC,  Prodromus,  9:458,  1845.— Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:510,  1859.— 

Matthew,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  20,  pi.  165,  fig.  12,  1893.— Britton  &  Brown.  Elustr. 

Flora,  3:31,  fig.  2967,  1898;  2  ed.,  3:52,  fig.  3453,  1913. 
C.  aphylla  Rafinesque,  Amer.  iMonthly  :Mag.  &  Crit.  Rev.,  4:40,  1818;  not  Loureiro  1790. 
?C.  paradoxa  Rafinesque,  .\nnals  of  Nature,  1 :13, 1820. 
C.  amerkana  Hooker,  Comp.  to  the  Bot.  Mag.,  1:173,  1835;  not  L.  1753. 
fAnthanema  paradoxa  Rafinesque,  Fl.  Tellur.,  4:90,  1836. 
Lepidanche  composiiarum  Engelmann,  Amer.  Joum.  Sci.  &  Arts,  43?:  344,  pi.  6,  figs.  30-35, 

1842. 
L.  composiiarum  solidaginis  Engelmann,  Amer.  Joum.  Sci.  &  .\rts,  43:344,  1842. 
L  composiiarum  fielianthi  Engelmann,  .\mer.  Joum.  Sci.  &  Arts,  43:344, 1842. 

Stems  medium,  disappearing  early  from  between  the  dense  straw- 
colored,  rope-like  floral  masses  which  are  wound  tightly  about  the  stem 
of  the  host.  Flowers  glabrous,  4-5  mm.  long,  pentamerous,  sessile, 
mostly  endogenously  formed,  breaking  forth  in  two  parallel  rows  on 
opposite  sides  of  the  stem,  much  imbricated  with  numerous,  scarious, 
lacerated,  cupped,  oblong,  obtuse  to  acutish  bracts  with  recurved  tips; 
sepals  distinct,  oblong-oval,  obtuse  to  acutish,  their  tips  somewhat  spread- 
ing but  ordinarily  not  recurved,  otherwise  similar  to  the  bracts;  corolla 
cylindrical;  lobes  spreading  or  sometimes  reflexed,  oblong  to  lanceolate, 
obtuse  or  acutish,  sometimes  mucronate,  usually  with  a  row  of  glandular 
cells  along  the  mid-portion,  shorter  than  the  corolla  tube;  scales  shorter 
than  the  tube,  oblong,  more  profusely  fringed  at  the  apex  than  along  the 


165]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  75 

sides,  bridged  at  about  the  middle  or  above;  stamens  shorter  than  the 
corolla  lobes;  anthers  elliptical  to  oblong,  about  as  long  as  or  shorter  than 
the  filaments;  styles  capillary,  longer  than  the  somewhat  flask-shaped 
ovary.  Capsule  globose-pointed  or  flask-shaped  with  the  withered  corolla 
carried  at  its  apex;  seeds  about  1.7  mm.  long,  oval,  globose,  slightly  com- 
pressed, light  brown,  one  or  infrequently  two  in  the  capsule,  or  this  not 
infrequently  sterile;  hilum  oblong,  oval,  transverse. 

This  is  undoubtedly  the  plant  referred  to  by  Rafinesque  and  named 
C.  aphylla  by  him.  His  name  would  be  valid  were  it  not  that  Loureiro  in 
1790  used  aphylla  to  designate  another  plant  of  this  group.  It  is  rather 
doubtful  if  the  plant  described  by  Rafinesque  as  C.  paradoxa  is  the  same 
as  this  one. 

Type  location:  **Hab.  prope  St.  Louis  in  Missouri."  Range:  Through- 
out the  prairie  states  from  Indiana  and  Michigan  westward  to  S.  Dakota 
and  Nebraska  and  southward  to  Mississippi  and  Texas. 

Specimens  examined:  United  States:  Michigan;  Berrien  Co.  (Pepoon  936),  Cass  Co. 
(Pepoon  300).  Indiana;  Whiting  (Chase  422),  McCallon's  (Clapp  in  1837),  New  Albany 
(Clapp  in  1836),  Lake  Maxinkuckee  (Clark  in  1909),  Wells  Co.  (Deam  in  1901).  Tennessee; 
Henderson  (Bain  in  1892),  Dickson  Co.  (Gattinger  in  1886),  Chester  Co.  (Bain  331). 
Illinois;  Winnebago  Co.  (Bebb  in  1859),  Naperville  (Umbach  in  1896),  Mt.  Carmel  (Schneck 
in  1877),  Herod  (Clinton  28756),  Ringwood  (Vasey),  Thornton  (without  indication  of  col- 
lector, in  1865),  Henderson  Co.,  Oquawka  (Patterson),  Aurora  (Boyce  in  1883),  Ravinia 
(Sherff  in  1911),  Springfield  (Spencer  in  1919),  Fountaindale  (Bebb  in  1872),  Alton  (Douglass 
in  1891),  Iroquois  Co.  (Moffatt  526),  Riverside  (Greenman  in  1912),  So.  Chicago  (Sherff 
1755),  Glencoe  (Greenman  2881),  St.  Clair  Co.  (Eggert  in  1875).  Wisconsin;  Walworth  Co. 
(Shannon  127).  Minnesota;  Morton  (McMillan  in  1890),  Zumbrota  (Ballard  in  1892). 
S.  Dakota;  Clay  Co.  (Over  5131),  Yankton  (Dean  in  1861).  Nebraska  (Hayden  in  1853), 
Weeping  Water  (Williams  40),  Newark  (Hopeman  in  1893),  Ashland  (Williams  in  1889), 
Nicholls  Co  (Hedgcock  in  1899),  Holt  Co.,  Turkey  Creek  (Clements  2819),  Lincoln  (Hannah 
in  1916).  Iowa;  Decatur  Co.  (Fitzpatrick  in  1897),  Ames  (Pammel  &  Ball  79,  Hitchcock 
in  1888),  Spirit  Lake  (Cratty  in  1901).  Missouri;  Willard  (Blankinship  in  1887),  Kirksville 
(Sheldon  in  1884),  Webb  City  (Palmer  818,  3069),  Lawrence  (Blankinship  in  1895),  Desoto 
(Hasse  in  1887),  St.  Louis  (Engelmann  417,  in  1841,  in  1864,  Eggert  in  1880,  Craig  in  1911, 
Riehl  15,  taken  as  the  type,  a  specimen  with  the  type  number  in  the  Engelmann  Herb.,  16, 
also  cited  by  Choisy  with  the  type),  Springfield  (Weller  66,  Standley  in  1905,  8456,  9156), 
Prosperity  (Palmer  3861),  Jasper  Co.  (Bush  in  1893),  Green  Co.  (Blankinship  in  1889), 
Jackson  Co.  (Bush  in  1893),  Joplin  (Pahner  3129).  Kansas;  Riley  Co.  (Norton  360), 
Manhattan  (without  indication  of  collector  or  date,  Kellerman  in  1890),  Lawrence  (Stevens), 
Wichita  (Smyth  250b,  250c),  Pawnee  Fork  of  Ark.  river  (Fendler  657),  Pottawatomie  Co., 
St.  George  (Kellerman  in  1890).  Mississippi;  Oktibbeha  Co.  (Pollard  1280),  Harman 
Lake  (Tracy  1649).  Indian  Territory  (Sheldon  263,  Baker  in  1875,  Butler  13),  Sapulpa 
(Bush  389),  Limestone  Gap  (Butler  111,  11235).  Texas  (Lindheimer  10),  Commanche 
Spring  (Lindheimer  1028),  Llano  (Lindheimer  in  1847),  Fort  Smith  to  Rio  Grande  (Bigelow 
5),  Dallas  Co.  (Reverchon  1686),  Gillespie  Co.  (Williams  753). 

Cuscuta  compacta  Jussieu 
C.  compacta  Jussieu  in  Choisy,  Mem.  Soc.  Phys.  et  Hist.  Nat.  Geneve,  9:281,  pi.  4,  fig.  2, 
1841;  and  in  DC,  Prodromus,  9:458,  1845. — Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St  Louis, 


76  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [166 

1:511,   1859.— Matthew,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  20,  pi.  165,  fig.  11,  1893.— Britton  & 
Brown,  Illustr.  Flora,  3:31,  fig.  2966,  1898;  2  ed.,  3:52,  fig.  3452,  1913. 

Stems  coarse.  Flowers  glabrous,  4-5  mm.  long,  pentamerous  (infre- 
quently tri-  or  tetramerous),  sessile,  in  compact  clusters  about  the  host 
or  somewhat  more  loose;  sepals  distinct,  orbicular  to  oval,  cupped,  some- 
times fringed  with  short,  slender,  filamentous  processes,  surrounded  by  3-5 
similar,  appressed  bracts;  cells  of  the  bracts  and  sepals  with  heavily 
thickened  walls;  corolla  tube  cylindrical,  becoming  urceolate  in  fruit;  lobes 
spreading  to  reflexed,  oblong,  obtuse,  infrequently  fringed  with  short, 
filamentous  processes,  much  shorter  than  the  tube;  scales  shorter  than  the 
tube  or  reaching  the  filaments,  fringed  with  long  processes,  bridged  at 
about  the  middle,  small  scales  frequently  appearing  on  the  bridge  between 
the  larger  ones,  or  the  scales  much  reduced;  stamens  shorter  than  the  lobes; 
anthers  oval,  about  equal  to  or  longer  than  the  short,  thick  filaments ;  ovary 
globose,  conical,  thickened  at  the  apex.  Capsule  globose-conic,  slightly 
pointed,  glandular  about  the  apex  which  carries  the  withered  corolla; 
seeds  about  2.6  mm.  long,  globose,  ovate,  angled  or  flattened  on  one  side, 
scurfy;  hilum  oblong,  oblique. 

Cuscuta  compacta  typica 
[Figures  54  a-e,  106  and  131] 
?C.  acaulis  Rafinesque,  Annals  of  Nature,  1:13,  1820. 
C  remoHflora  Bertoloni,  Misc.  Bot.,  10:29,  1842. — Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis, 

1:511,  1859;  in  s}Tion. 
C.  fruticiim  Bertoloni,  Misc.  Bot.,  10:29,  1842. — Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis, 

1:511,  1859;  in  synon. 
Lepidanche  adpressa  Engelmann,  Amer.  Joum.  Sci.  &  Arts,  45:77,  1843. 
C.  compacta  adpressa  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:511,  1859. 
C.  coronata  Beyrich  in  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:511,  1859;  in  synon. 
C  imbricata  Nuttall  in  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1:511,  1859;  in  synon. 
C.  americana  of  various  authors,  Engelmann,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1 :511, 1859;  in  synon. 

Corolla  nearly  enclosed  in  the  calyx  or  somewhat  exserted;  scales  well 
developed.     The  common  form. 

Type  locality:  "Hab.  Amer.  septentrionalem."  Range:  From  New 
Hampshire,  Connecticut  and  Massachusetts  southward  to  Florida  and 
westward  through  the  central  and  southern  states  to  Arkansas,  Oklahoma 
and  Texas. 

Specimens  examined :  United  States  :  New  Hampshire;  Deny  (Seaman) .  Massachu- 
setts; Marion  (Vail  in  1888).  Connecticut;  New  Haven  (Eaton  in  1858).  New  Jersey; 
Ocean  Co. (Mackenzie  2908,  Redfield  5851  and  in  1874),  West  New  York  (Van  SicHe  in  1894), 
Landisville  (Gross  2193),  Atsion  (Allen  in  1879),  Merchantsville  (Redfield  5845),  Pine 
Barrens  (Canby  2).  District  of  Columbia;  Takoma  Park  (Chase  2571),  Washington  (Holm 
in  1888,  Steele  in  1896  and  in  1902,  Blanchard  in  1891).  Maryland;  Salisbury  (Tidestrom 
7446),  Hyattsville  (Steele  in  1904).  Virginia;  Franklin  (Heller  1166),  Carlins  (Dewey  37), 
southeast  Va.  (Kearney  2365),  Alexandria  (Shull  204,  367).  N.  Carolina;  Jackson  Co. 
(Ashe),  Elizabeth  City  (Boettcher  293),  Buncombe  Co.     (Gray  &  Sullivant  in  1863),  Swain 


167]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  77 

Co.  (Beardslee  &  Kofoid  in  1891);  Biltmore  (Biltmore  Herb.  3735g).  S.  Carolina;  Aiken 
(Ravenel  in  1874).  Tennessee;  Cocke  Co.  (Kearney  844,  845),  Tullohoma  (Gattinger  in 
1886),  Jackson  (Bain 438),  Green  Co.  (Redfield  5652),  Hiawassee  (Ruthin  1895),  McFarland 
(Ruth  in  1893),  Hollow  Rock  (Eggert  in  1897).  Kentucky;  Edmunson  Co.  (Price  in  1897). 
Alabama;  Mobile  (Mohr  in  1896),  Auburn  (Lloyd  &  Earle  in  1900);  Cullman  (Eggert  in  1897 
and  in  1898).  Florida  (Chapman)  Apalachicola  (without  indication  of  collector.  Herb. 
Chapman  3735b),  Duval  Co.  (Curtiss  2193),  Jacksonville  (Curtiss  5328),  St.  Vincent  Island 
(McAtee  1807a),  Tallahassee  (Berg),  Lake  City  (Rolfs  508,  510).  Georgia  (Beyrich,  the 
type  of  C.  coronata,  a  fragment  in  the  Engelmarm  Herb.),  Stone  Mt.  (Hitchcock  in  1905), 
Walton  Co.  (Small  in  1894),  Habersham  Co.  (Small  in  1893).  Louisiana;  Alden  Bridge 
.(Trelease  in  1898),  Shreveport  (Gregg  in  1847).  Mississippi;  between  Gulf  Port  &  Long 
Beach  (Joor  in  1891).  Indiana;  Sullivan  Co.  (Deam  29369),  Lawrence  Co.  (Deam  18499), 
Jackson  Co.  (Deam  9520),  Posey  Co.  (Deam  24280,  29076),  Dubois  Co.  (Deam  28253). 
Illinois;  E.  Carondelet  (Eggert  in  1891),  Mt.  Carmel  (Schneck  in  1887),  Opposite  St.  Louis 
(Engelmann  in  1845),  Peoria  (Brendel).  Missouri;  St.  Louis  (Eggert  in  1891,  Engelmann 
in  1842,  the  type  of  Lepidanche  adpressa,  in  the  Engelmann  Herb,  taken  as  the  tjq)e),  Allenton 
(Letterman  in  1879),  Howell  Co.  (Bush  in  1892),  Carter  Co.  (Trelease  477),  Monteer 
Co.  (Bush  218,  371,  5143),  Scott  Co.  (Eggert  in  1894).  Arkansas;  Hot  Springs  (Palmes 
8476,  Letterman,  Trelease  in  1898),  Hempstead  Co.  (Palmer  6840),  Magnet  Cove  (Trelease 
in  1897),  Howard  Co.  (Kellogg  in  1909).  Oklahoma;  (Page  2641),  Leflore  Co.  (Stevens  2641). 
Indian  Territory;  Cherokee  Nation  (Blankinship  in  1895).  Texas  (Wright,  Thuron  in  1890), 
Dallas  (Reverchon  3201),  Sheldon  (Reverchon  3883). 

Cuscuta  cotnpacta  efimbriata  n.  var. 
[Figure  54  f] 
Tube  much  exserted;  scales  shorter  than  the  tube  and  much  reduced, 
bifid  or  winged  and  with  few  processes. 

Type  locality:     Duval  Co.,  Florida.     Range:    Known  only  from  the 
type  locality. 

Specimens  examined:    United   States:     Florida;  Duval   Co.    (Fredholm  305,   the 
tjqje,  in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb,  as  sheet  214,815). 


78  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [168 


NEW  SPECIES  AND  VARIETIES  DESCRIBED 

NEW  SPECIES  Page 

Cuscula  erosa 26 

Cuscuta  rugosiceps 27 

Cuscula  ceratophora 28 

Cuscuta  chapalana 28 

Cuscuta  pringlei 29 

Cuscuta  macrocephala 36 

Cuscuta  purpusii 37 

Cuscuta  choisiana 38 

Cuscuta  desmouliniana 40 

Cuscuta  lacerata 44 

Cuscuta  deltoidea 44 

Cuscuta  polyanthetnos 46 

*Cuscuta  decipiens 55 

Cuscuta  jepsonii 59 

NEW  VARIETIES 

Cuscuta  tinctoria  kellertttaniana 32 

Cuscuta  odontolepis  fimbriata 39 

Cuscuta  potosina  globifera 40 

Cuscuta  desmouliniana  typica 41 

Cuscuta  desmouliniana  attenuiloba 41 

Cuscuta  umbellata  dubia 43 

Cuscuta  gracillima  esquamata 43 

Cuscuta  indecora  longisepala 59 

Cuscuta  indecora  bifida 59 

Cuscuta  calif ornica  brachycalyx 62 

Cuscuta  californica  apodanthera 62 

Cuscuta  californica  papillosa 62 

Cuscuta  veatchii  apoda 69 

Cuscuta  salina  major 71 

Cuscuta  salina  acuminata 72 

Cuscuta  compacta  efimbriala 77 


169]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  79 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

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1913.    The  clover  dodder.     Amer.  Bot.,  19:137-139. 
Areschoug,  F,  W.  C. 

1853.    Revisio  Cuscutarum  Sueciae.     20  pp.,  1  pi. 
Babington,  C.  C. 

1840.  On  Cuscuta  epilinum  and  halophyta.    Ann.  &  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  I,  4:280-281. 

1841.  On  the  structure  of  C.  europaea.    Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  London,  18:213-215. 
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1843.  On  Cuscuta  epilinum  a.nd  halophyta.    Phytologist,  1:234-251. 

1844.  On  some  species  of  Cuscuta.    Ann.  &  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  I,  13:249. 

1845.  On  some  species  of  Cuscuta.     Ann.  &  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  I,  16:1-4. 
Baille,  M. 

1901.    Destruction  de  la  cuscute  de  la  luzeme.     Rev.  Vit.,  15:130-131. 
Barbey,  G. 

1895.     Notes  pour  servir  a  I'histoire  chimique  de  la  cuscute.    Joum.  Phann.  &  Chimie, 
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1879.    Les  nectaries.    Ann.  sci.  nat.,  VI,  8:130. 
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1899.    Destruction  de  la  cuscute  par  le  sulfate  de  cuivre.    Joum.  Agr.  Prat. ,  pp.  335-336. 
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Bresaola,  M. 

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1914.  Beitrage  zur  Anatomic  der  Samenschale  einiger  Cuscuta- Arten.     Mitteil.  d.  Kais. 
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1879.     Sur  I'existence  d'un  appareil  pr6henseur  ou  compl^mentaire  d' adherence,  dans 
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1877.  Dodder  on  Azalea.     Gardener's  Chron.,  II,  7:344. 
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1896.    Note  sur  ime  cuscute  du  Turkestan  (Cuscuta  lehmanniana  Bunge).      Bull.  Soc. 
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1895.  On  Assimilatory  Inhibition  in  plants.    Joum.  Linn.  Soc.,  31 :446. 
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1910.     Destruction  of  dodder  by  sodium-nitrate.    Joum.  d'Agr.  prat.,  pp.  497-498. 
Fedcenko,  B.  a. 

1907.    Cuscuta.    Jahrb.  Pflanzenkrank.,  St.  Peterburg,  1 :29-34. 
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1909.  Akklimatisationsversuche  mit  Grobseide.    HI.  Landwirtsch.  Ztg.,  29:156-157. 
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1896.  Die  Krankheiten  der  Pflanzen,  (2  ed.),  2:523. 
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1912.     Germination  of  seeds  of  clover  dodders.    Penn.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.  Ann.  Rept., 
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1895.    Note  sur  un  Cuscuta  litigieux  de  la  flore  de  I'Ouest.  Bull.  Soc.  Sd.  Nat.  de  I'Ouest 
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1910.  Enfermedades  y  Plagas  del  Naranjo.     Estac.  Agr.  Cent.  Mexico.  Bol.,  No.  31, 
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Garrigou,  F. 

1904.    Le  sulfure  de  calcium  contre  le  cuscute  et  autres  parasites  nuisibles  4 1'agriculture. 
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1910.    F>'siologiska  undersokningar  ofver  slagtet  Cuscuta.    Bot.  Notiser,  pp.  65-80  and 
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1912.  Fysiologiska  undersokningar  ofver  slagtet  Cuscuta.     Bot.  Notiser,  pp.  1-32, 
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1915.    Uber  die  Schutzmittel  einiger  Pflanzen  gegen  schmarotzende  Cuscuta.  Jahrb.  f. 
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GODRON,  D.  A. 

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1887.  Note  sur  I'origine  des  sugoirs  de  quelques  phan^rogames  parasites.    Bull.  Soc. 
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GUIGNON,  J. 

1912.    Un  des  effets  de  la  Cuscuta  sur  le  Millef)ertuis.     Feuille  jeunes  natural.,  42:136. 

GUTTENBERG,  H.  V. 

1909.  tJber  die  anatomische  Unterscheidung  der  Samen  einiger  Cuscuta-Arten.  Naturw. 
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Haaker,  H.  E. 

1888.  The  germination  of  dodder.    Amer.  Nat.,  22:254. 
Haberlandt,  Fr. 

1876.    Uber  Kleeseide  (Cuscuta  epithymum) .  Oesterr.  landw.  Wochenbl.,  2:460-462  and 
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1879.    tlber  den  Bau  und  die  Entwicklungsgeschichte  der  Samenschale  von  Cuscuta 
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1896.  Dodder  on  Garden  Vegetables.     Garden  and  Forest,  9:365. 

1897.  Dodder  in  Clover.     Garden  and  Forest,  10:287. 

1898.  Two  phaenogamous  Parasites  of  the  Red  Clover.     Bull.  Torr.   Bot.   Club,   25: 
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1901.     A  study  of  dodders.     N.  J.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.  Rept.,  pp.  451-457,  pis.  1-2. 
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1885.    Landwirthschaftliche  Samenkunde.    p.  755,  figs.  37-38. 
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1906.  Die  Beurteilung  der  Kleeseidebefunde  in  Saatwaren.  Landw.  Versuchs-  Stat., 
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1915.     Grossenverhaltnis  zwischen  Klee-  und  Scidesamen  in  trocknem  und  gequellenem 
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1910.  Die  aufzucht  und  Kultur  der  Parasitischen  Samenpflanzen.    Jena,  pp.  1-53. 
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Herpin,  J.  C. 

1850.     Sur  la  Cuscuta  (C  europaea  L.)  plante  parasite  qui  attaque  le  lin,  le  trifle  et  la 
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1912.    Uber  die  Lebensdauer  der  Samen  der  Flachsseide  {Cuscuta  epilinum).      D. 
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1897.  La  cuscute  et  sa  destruction.  Joum.  Agr.  Prat.,  2:815-816. 

1898.  La  cuscute  et  sa  destruction.  Jouriv  soc.  agr.  Brabant-Hainaut,  p.  1. 
HiESSLING,  L. 

1903.    Vertilgung  der  Kleeseide.    Prakt.  Bl.  f.  Pflanzenbau  und  Pflanzenschutz.,  1 :13-15 

HiLDEBRAND,  Fr. 

1908.    Vber  die  Wirtspflanzen  von  Cuscuta  europaea  und  C.  lupuliformis.    Beheifte  z. 
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1898.  The  extent  of  dodder  parasitism.  Plant  World,  1 :123. 
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1892.    Dodder.  Nev.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.  Bull.,  No.  15,  8  pp.,  figs.  1-5. 

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HiLTNER,  L. 

1903.  Zur  Kleeseidefrage.     Prakt.  Bl.  f.  Pflanzenbau  u.  Pflanzensch.,  1:44-47,  49-54 
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1904.  tyber  die   dem  Kleebau  durch  die  Grob-  oder  Schweinseide  drehende  Gefahr. 
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1909.     tJber  ein  starkes  Auf treten  der  Nesselseide  auf  der  Ackerbohne  (Cuscuta  europaea 
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HiRSCHMANN. 

1880.     Kann  die  Kleeseide  an  den  Kleepflanzen  iiberwintem?  Wiener  Landw.  Ztg.,  p.  377. 
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1825.    Exotic  Flora.  Edinburgh,  2:150, 
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1908.    On  flax  dodder.  Agr.  Research  Inst.  Pusa.  India.  Bull.,  No.  11,  pp.  6. 
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1908.     Sull'  invasione  della  Cuscuta  arvensis  Beyr.  Staz.  sper.  agr.  ital.,  41:757. 

1911.     Acione  di  alcune  sostanze  chimiche  sulla   germinazione   dei  semi  di  Cuscuta 
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1884.     How  the  dodder  became  a  parasite.    Pop.  Sci.  Monthly,  25:647. 

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I  175]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER 


85 


I 


1910.     Un  nuovo  decuscutatore  per  trifoglio  ladino.    Le  staz.  sperim.  agrar.  ital.,  43:91- 
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1900.  tjber  die  Keimung  halbreifer  und  reifer  Samen  der  Gattung  Cuscuta.    Landw. 
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1873.    £tude  sur  les  cuscutes  observ6es  dans  les  environs  d' Abbeville.  Abbeville,  18  pp. 

VOLKART,  A. 

1901.    Cuscuta  racemosa  Mart,  und  C.  arvensis  Beyr.     Bericht  VTI  Ziirich.  bot.  Ges., 
pp.  38-40.     (in  Ber.  Schweiz.  Bot.  Ges.,  p.  11.) 


181]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  91 

Wagner,  J.  P. 

1911.    La  chaux-azote  (cyanamide  de  calcium)  centre  la  cuscute.  Journ.  Agr.  Prat.,  n.s., 
22:78. 
Watson,  E. 

1905.    Dodder  on  Fuchsia.  Garden,  68:6,  fig.  1. 
Webster,  D. 

1844.    Notes  on  the  new  British  Cuscuta  (C.   epithymum  Irifolii  Bab.).   Phytologist, 
1:753-755. 
Whiteley,  J. 

1901.    Dodder  in  alfalfa.    Queensland  Agr.  Joum.,  8:333. 
Wilcox,  E.  M., 

1909.  Dodder  v.  alfalfa.  Insect  Pest  and  Plant  Dis.  Bur.  Nebr.  Div.  Bot.  Circ.,  No.  3, 
pp.  1-3,  figs.  1-4. 

WiLSDORF,  G. 

1899.    tlber  die  Lebensweise  von  Cuscuta  (Klee  und  Flachsseide).     Fiihling's  Landw. 
Ztg.,  48:544-550  and  561-567. 
Winkler,  A. 

1892.    Ein  anomaler  Keimling  der  Cuscuta  epilinum  Weihe.  Verh.  Brand.,  34:10-11, 
WiTTROCK,  V.  B. 

1909.    Om  Cuscuta  europaea  L.  och  hennes  Vardvaxter.  Svensk  Bot.  Tidskrift,  3:1-17, 
figs.  1-2. 
Wolkson,  E.  J. 

1885.  Notes  on  Cuscuta.  Trans.  San  Francisco  Mic.  Soc.  (cit.  from  Bull.  Torr.  Bot. 
Club,  13:10,  1886.) 

WOTH. 

1881.    Uber  die  Uberwinterung  der  Kleeseide.     Fiihling's  Landw.  Ztg.,  p.  5. 

WUNDERLICH. 

1881.  Zur  Bekampfung  der  Kleeseide.    D.  Landw.  Presse,  p.  470. 

1882.  Zur  Vertilgung  der  Klesseide.    Wiener  Landw.  Zeit.,  p.  32. 

ZOBL. 

1875.  Uber  den  Bau  und  die  chemische  Zusammensetzung  der  Stengel  und  Samen  von 
Cuscuta  epithymum.  Wissenschaftl.  prakt.  Untersuchungen  auf  dem  Geb.  d. 
Pflanzenbaues  v.  Haberl.  1:143. 


92  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [182 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES 

PLATES  I-rX 

Each  species  is  represented  by  drawings  of  a  flower,  an  opened  corolla,  an  op>ened  calyx, 
a  capsule  (an  ovary  was  sketched  in  a  few  species  in  which  mature  capsules  were  not  available), 
and  a  separately  drawn  scale  for  those  species  possessing  scales.  In  some  of  the  species  made 
up  of  different  varieties  drawings  of  the  floral  parts  showing  varietal  differences  have  been 
included.  The  drawings  are  enlarged  about  five  diameters  with  the  exception  of  the  individual 
scales  which  are  enlarged  about  ten  diameters.  The  scales  represented  on  the  opened 
corollas  were  drawn  from  outlines  and  no  attempt  was  made  to  make  them  accurate  in  all 
details.  The  drawings  of  the  individual  scales,  however,  was  made  to  show  the  details 
correctly. 

PLATES  x-xm 

Besides  the  drawings,  photographs  of  the  flowers,  capsules  and  seeds  of  many  of  the 
species  are  included.    These  are  enlarged  about  five  diameters. 


183]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  93 


PLATE  I 


94  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [184 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE 


7uscuta  rugosiceps 
^uscuta  epithymum 
"^uscula  epilinum 
^uscuta  planiflora 
-Ctiscula  europaea 
Fig.  6,  a-e — Cuscvta  exaltata 


ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


VOLUME  VI 


YUNCKER     AMERICAN-WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA  PLATE  I 


185)        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  95 


PLATE  II 


96  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [186 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE 

Fig.    7,  a-d — Cuscuta  odontolepis  typica 

Fig.    7,  e    — Cuscuta  odontolepis  fimbriata 

Fig.    8,  a-e — Cuscuta  erosa 

Fig.    9,  a-e — Cuscuta  umbeUata  typica 

Fig.    9,  f-g — Cuscuta  umbeUata  dubia 

Fig.  10,  a-e — Cuscuta  floribunda 

Fig.  11,  a-e — Cuscuta  chapalana  (d  represents  the  ovary) 

Fig.  12,  a-e — Cuscuta  partita 


ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


VOLUME  VI 


YUNCKER    AMERICAN- WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA         PLATE  II 


187]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  97 


PLATE  III 


98  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [188 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE 


Fig.  13,  a-e — CusctUa  pringld 

Fig.  14,  a-e — CusctUa  choisiana 

Fig.  15,  a-e — Cuscula  deltoidea 

Fig.  16,  a-e — Cuscula  tincloria  typica 

Fig.  16,  f-g — Cuscuta  tinctoria  kellermaniana 

Fig.  17,  a-e — Cuscuta  gracilUma  sublilis 

Fig.  17,  f-g — Cusctita  gracillima  saccharaia 

Fig.  18,  a-e — CusctUa  lacerata 


ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


VOLUME  VI 


YUNCKER     AMERICAN- WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA      PLATE  III 


1891        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER  99 


PLATE  IV 


100  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [190 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE 

Fig.  19,  a-e — Cuscuta  tnacrocephala 

Fig.  20,  a-e — Cuscuta  tuberculata 

Fig.  21,  a-e — Cuscuta  harperi 

Fig.  22,  a-e — Cuscuta  americana 

Fig.  23,  a-e — Cuscuta  purpusii  (d  represents  the  ovary) 

Fig.  24,  a-e — Cuscuta  corymbosa  grandiflora 

Fig.  24,  f    — Cuscuta  corymbosa  stylosa 


ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


VOLUME  VI 


YUNCKER     AMERICAN-WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA       PLATE  IV 


191]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER         101 


PLATE  V 


102  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [192 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE 


Fig.  25,  a-e — Cuscuta  desmouliniana  iypica 
Fig.  25,  f-h — Cuscuta  desmouliniana  attenuiloba 
Fig.  26,  a-e — Cuscuta  jalapensis 
Fig.  27,  a-e — Cuscuta  mitraeforniis 
Fig.  28,  a-f — Cuscuta  potosina  typica 
Fig.  28,  g-h — Cuscuta  potosina  globifera 
Fig.  29,  Si-e— Cuscuta  ceralophora 
Fig.  30,  a-e — Cuscuta  applanata 


ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


VOLUME  VI 


YUNCKER     AMERICAN-WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA        PLATE  V 


193]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER         103 


PLATE  VI 


idl  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [194 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE 


Fig.  31,  a-e — Cuscutn  potyanlhenws 
Fig.  32,  a-e — Cuscula  salina  major 
Fig.  32,  f-g — Cuscuta  salina  acuminata 
Fig.  33,  a-e — Cuscuta  pentagona  typica 
Fig.  33,  f-g — Cuscuta  pentagona  calycina 
Fig.  34,  a-e — Cuscuta  Uptantha  typica 
Fig.  34,  f    — Cuscuta  kptantha  palmeri 
Fig.  35,  a-e — Cuscuta  plattensis 
Fig.  36,  a-e — Cuscuta  racemosa  ckUiana 


ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


VOLUME  VI 


YUNCKER     AMERICAN- WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA       PLATE  VI 


1951        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER         106 


PLATE  VII 


106  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [196 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE 


Fig.  37,  a-e — Cuscuta  gronovii  vulgivaga 

Fig.  37,  f-g — Cuscuta  gronovii  latiflora 

Fig.  38,  a-e — Cuscuta  curta 

Fig.  39,  a-e — Cuscuta  polygonorum 

Fig.  40,  a-e — Cuscuta  rostraia 

Fig.  41,  a-e — Cuscuta  glandulosa 

Fig.  42,  a-e — Cuscuta  coryli 


ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


VOLUME  VI 


YUNCKER     AMERICAN-WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA     PLATE  VII 


197]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER         107 


PLATE  VIII 


108  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [198 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE 

Fig.  43,  a-e  — Cuscuta  decipiens 

Fig.  44,  a-€  — Cuscuta  indecora  neuropetala 

Fig.  44,  f      — Cuscuta  indecora  longisepala 

Fig.  45,  a-c  — Cuscuta  californica  graciliflora 

Fig.  45,  d    — Cuscuta  californica  breviflora 

Fig.  45,  e-f  — Cuscuta  californica  brachycalyx 

Fig.  45,  g     — Cuscuta  californica  apiculata 

Fig.  46,  a-f  — Cuscuta  denticulala  (f  represents  the  embryo) 

Fig.  47,  a-e — Cuscuta  subinclusa 

Fig.  48,  a-€ — Cuscuta  veatckii  typica 

Fig.  48,  f     — Cuscuta  veatchii  apoda 


ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


VOLUME  VI 


YUNCKER    AMERICAN- WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA    PLATE  VIII 


1991        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER         109 


PLATE  IX 


110  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [200 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE 


Fig.  49,  a-c — Cuscuta  cuspidata. 

Fig.  50,  a-e — Cuscuta  glomerate 

Fig.  51,  a-e — Cuscuta  squamata 

Fig.  52,  a-d — Cuscuta  jepsonii 

Fig.  53,  a-e — Cuscuta  cephalanthi 

Fig.  54,  a-e — Cuscuta  compacta  typica 

Fig.  54,  f    — Cuscuta  compacta  efimbriata 


ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


VOLUME  VI 


Sb 


YUNCKER     AMERICAN- WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA       PLATE  IX 


2011        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER         111 


PLATE  X 


112  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [202 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE 


Fig.  55 — Cuscuta  coryli  flower 

Fig.  56 — Cuscuta  coryli  capsule 

Fig.  57 — Cuscuta  cephalanthi  flower 

Fig.  58 — Cuscuta  cephalanthi  capsule  • 

Fig.  59 — Cuscuta  epilinum  flower 

Fig.  60 — Cuscuta  veatchii  typica  flowers 

Fig.  61 — Cuscuta  erosa  flower 

Fig.  62 — Cuscuta  exaltata  flower 

Fig.  63 — Cuscuta  exaltata  capsule 

Fig.  64 — Cuscuta  planifiora  flower 

Fig.  65 — Cuscuta  jalapensis  capsule 

Fig.  66 — Cuscuta  jalapensis  flower 

Fig.  67 — Cuscuta  desmouliniana  typica  &ovfei 

Fig.  68 — Cuscuta  applanata  flower 

Fig.  69 — Cuscuta  chapalana  flower 

Fig.  70 — Cuscuta  rugosiceps  flower 

Fig.  71 — Cuscuta  tnitraeformis  capsule 

Fig.  72 — Cuscuta  ceratophora  flower 


ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


VOLUME  VI 


1' 

^55 


^:§ 


'67 


I 

▼57 


58 


B4 


1^2 


YUNCKER     AMERICAN- WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA        PLATE  X 


203]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER         113 


PLATE  XI 


114  ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [204 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE 

Fig.  73 — Cuscuta  subinclusa  flower 

Fig.  74 — Ctiscuta  californica  graciliflora  flower 

Fig.  75 — Cuscuta  californica  brathycalyx  flower 

Fig.  76 — Cuscuta  californica  papillosa  flower 

Fig.  77 — Cuscuta  californica  brevijlora  flower 

Fig.  78 — Cuscuta  tuherculatu  flower 

Fig.  79 — Cuscuta  tinctoria  lypica  flower 

Fig.  80 — Cuscuta  choisiana  flower 

Fig.  81 — Cuscuta  gracillima  saccfiarata  flower 

Fig.  82 — Cuscuta  gracillima  subtilis  flower 

Fig.  83 — Cuscuta  denticulata  flower 

Fig.  84 — Cuscuta  californica  graciliflora  flower 

Fig.  85 — Cuscuta  europaea  capsule  with  corolla  at  top 

Fig.  86 — Cuscuta  epithymum  flower 

Fig.  87 — Cuscuta  potosina  globifera  flower 

Fig.  88 — Cuscuta  potosina  typica  capsules  with  corollas  at  top 

Fig.  89 — Cuscuta  salina  acuminata  flower 

Fig.  90 — Cuscuta  purpusii  flower 

Fig.  91 — Cuscuta  hptantha  palmeri  flower 

Fig.  92 — Cuscuta  polyanthemos  flower 

Fig.  93 — Cuscuta  decipiens  flower 

Fig.  94 — Cuscuta  racemosa  chiliana  flower 

Fig.  95 — Cuscuta  decipiens  flower 

Fig.  96 — Cuscuta  indecora  neuropelala  flower 

Fig.  97 — Cuscuta  indecora  longisephala  flower 


ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


VOLUME  VI 


YUNCKER     AMERICAN-WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA       PLATE  XI 


2051         NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER         115 


PLATE  XII 


116 


ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


[206 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE 


Fig. 

98— Cttsciito 

Fig. 

^9—Cuicuta 

Fig. 

VfX^-Cuscuta 

Fig. 

101— CiwcKto 

Fig. 

102— Ci«c«to 

Fig. 

103— CiwcKto 

Fig. 

104— CiwcMto 

Fig. 

ViS—Cuscuia 

Fig. 

106 — Cuscuia 

Fig. 

107— Ciwctito 

Fig. 

108— Cwicwto 

Fig. 

Xm—Cuscuta 

Fig. 

110— CitfCMto 

Fig. 

\n—Cuscuta 

Fig. 

\\1— Cuscuia 

Fig. 

m—CusaOa 

Fig. 

114 — Cuscuia 

Fig. 

115— CiwcMto 

Fig. 

116 — Cuscuia 

^ig. 

117 — Cuscuia 

Fig. 

US— Cuscuia 

Fig. 

119— Cuscuia 

Fig. 

120— Cuscuia 

Fig. 

ni— Cuscuia 

Fig. 

122— Cuscuia 

Fig. 

\2i— Cuscuia 

Fig. 

124— Cuscuia 

Fig. 

125— Cuscuia 

Fig. 

126— Cuscuia 

carta  flower 
curia  capsule 
gronovH  vulgivaga  flower 
gronorni  vulgivaga  capsule 
rostrata  flower 
rostrata  capsule 
corymbosa  grandiflora  flower 
cuspidata  flower 
compada  lypica  flower 
polygoHorum  cap>sule 
macrouphala  flower 
ameruana  congesta  flower 
corymbosa  styicsa  flower 
pentagona  verrucosa  flower 
peniagona  lypica  flower 
patiagona  calycina  flower 
umbdlaia  reflexa  flower 
umbeUaia  typica  flower 
odonloUpis  typica  flower 
squamaia  flower 
partita  flower 
pringlei  flower 
glotmraia  flower 
salina  major  flower 
deUoidca  flower 
karperi  flower 
harperi  capsule 
glandtdosa  flower 
salina  squamigera  flower 


ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


VOLUME  VI 


120 


YUNCKER     AMERICAN-WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA     PLATE  XII 


207]        NORTH  AMEIUCAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER         117 


PLATE  XIII 


118  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [208 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE 

Seeds 


Fig.  127 — Cuscuta  penlagona 
Fig.  128 — Cuscuta  indecora 
Fig.  129 — Cuscuta  planiflora 
Fig.  130 — Cuscuta  coryli 
Fig.  131 — Cuscuta  compacta 
Fig.  132 — Cuscuta  applanata 
Fig.  133 — Cuscuta  epilinum 
Fig.  134 — Cuscuta  cuspidaia 
Fig.  135 — Cuscuta  squamala 
Fig.  136 — Cuscuta  curta 
Fig.  137 — Cuscuta  glomerata 
Fig.  138 — Cuscuta  americana 
Fig.  139 — Cuscuta  rostrata 
Fig.  140 — Cuscuta  salina 
Fig.  141 — Cuscuta  mitraeformis 
Fig.  142 — Cuscuta  cephalanthi 
Fig.  143 — Cuscuta  glandulosa 
Fig.  144 — Cuscuta  europaea 
Fig.  145 — Cuscuta  epithymum 
Fig.  146 — Cuscuta  denticulata 
Fig.  147 — Cuscuta  subindusa 
Fig.  148 — Cuscuta  gronovii 
Fig.  149 — Cuscuta  umbellata 
Fig.  150 — Cuscuta  polygonorum 
Fig.  151 — Cuscuta  californica 
Fig.  152 — Cuscuta  pringlei 
Fig.  153 — Cuscuta  odontolepis 
Fig.  154 — Cuscuta  mitraeformis 
Fig.  155 — Cuscuta  rugosiceps 
Fig.  156 — Cuscuta  partita 


ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


VOLUME  VI 


Wiae  129       "130         ^B)3i      ^132 


Jhk 


||.39  #140       ^"*'  #"*^  ^Jf ^ 


i38 


43         ^  14-4 


WI45 


gum   Mj^ 
ili5i 


146 


50 


1 56 


154 


155 


YUNCKER    AMERICAN-WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA  PLATE  XIII 


209] 


NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER 


119 


INDEX  OF  COLLECTIONS 


Abrams 

1560;  2654.  C.  calif ornica  graciliflora 

2230.     C.  pentagona  calycina 

4015.     C.  salina  squamigera 

(1906).    C.  salina  major 
Abrams  &  McGregor 

505;  522.     C.  de^ticulata 
Allen 

(1879).     C.  compacta  typica 
Anderson 

1385.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1894).     C.  califomica  graciliflora 
Andrews 

(1890).     C.  coryli 

(1890;  1898).     C.  cephalanthi 

(1892;  1898).     C.  polygonorum 
Andrietix 

214.     C.  corymbosa  stylosa 
Anthony 

266.     C.  californica  graciliflora 
/Armstrong 

(1892).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Ashcraft 

(1895).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Ashe 

C.  pentagona  typica 

C.  rostrata 

C.  compacta  typica 

Austin 

492.     C.  subinclusa 
Bain  ^ 

331;  (1892).  C.glomerata 

338;  (1894).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

438.     C.  compacta  typica 
Baker 

41.     C.  salina  major 

57;  3954.     C.  subinclusa 

555.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

1477.     C.  planiflora 

1560.     C.  californica  graciliflora 

1761.     C.  pentagona  calycina 

(1875).     C.  glomerata 

(1918).     C.  exaltata 
Ball 

919.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

1261.     C.  cuspidata 

(1890).     C.  rostrata 


Ballard 

(1892).     C.  glomerata 
Banker 

556.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Barber 

(1898).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Barlow 

(1900).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

B.'VRTHOLOMEW 

(1889).     C.  cuspidata 
Bartlet 

691;  696.     C.  pentagona  typica 
Bart  well 

C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

Bates 

698.     C.  pentagona  typica 

(1895).     C.  cuspidata 

(1896).     C.  coryli 

(1896).     C.  indecora  neuropetala 
Beal 

(1869).     C.  pentagona  typica 
Beardslee 

(1876).     C.  cephalanthi 

(1876).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Beardslee  &  Kofoid 

(1891).    C.  rostrata 

(1891).     C.  compacta  typica 
Bebb 

(1859;  1872).     C.  glomerata 
Bechdolt 

(1889).     C.  epithymum 
Beck 

C.  epilinum 

Bell 

(1867).     C.  curta 
Bentham 

C.  americana  congesta 

C.  americana  spectabilis 

C.  corymbosa  grandiflora 

Berg 

(1904).     C.  salina  major 

C.  compacta  typica 

Berlandier 

822.     C.  corymbosa  stylosa 

865;  965;  2285.     C.  indecora  hispidula 

1103.     C.  corymbosa  grandiflora 

2457;  (1827).     C.  pentagona  verrucosa 


120 


ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


[210 


Bernoxjixi 

59.    C.  corymbosa  grandiflora 
Beyrich 

175-2; C.  coryli 

(1845).     C.  pentagona  typica 

C.  compacta  typica 

BiGELOW 

1;  9.     C.  pentagona  typica 
3;  (1853-54).     C.  cuspidata 
5.     C.  glomerata 
8.    C.  coryli 
(1850).     C.  glandulosa 
(1851).     C.  exaltata 
(1851).     C.  umbellata  tj^iica 
(1852).     C.  squamata 
(1854).     C.  califomica  apiculata 
Bn-TMORE  Herbarium 

2126a.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
3735g.     C.  compacta  typica 
3736a.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 
5727;  5727a;  5727b.     C.  rostrata 

BlOLETTI 

(1892).     C.  subinclusa 

BiSCHOFF 

(1848).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

BiSKY 

(1886).     C.  pentagona  typica 

BiSSELL 

47;  78;  158;  1900.     C.  epithymiim 

(1904).     C.  pentagona  typica 
Blanch ARD 

(1890).     C.  pentagona  typica 

(1891).     C.  compacta  typica 
Blankinship 

407.     C.  pentagona  calycina 

(1887;  1889;  1895).     C.  glomerata 

(1889;    1892).    C.    cuspidata 

( 1889) .    C.  pentagona  typica 

(1895).    C.  compacta  typica 

(1895).     C.  gronovii  latiflora 

(1895).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1900).     C.  coryU 
Blodgett 

(1903).     C.  pentagona  typica 

BODIN 

230.     C.  cor>'li 

BOETTCHER 

122.     C.  pentagona  typica 
293.     C.  compacta  typica 

BOLANDER 

2436;  2674;  2698;  2849;  6381.     C.  subin- 
clusa 


2491.     C.  salina  major 

2673.  in  part.  C.  europaea 

2673.  in  part.  C.  indecora  neuropetala 

5055.     C.  califomica  breviflora 

BOLDINGH 

5481;  7081.     C.  partita 
Bond 

(1891).     C.  pentagona  typica 

BONPLAND 

C.  floribunda 

BOtTRGEAU 

(1866).     C.  corymbosa  stylosa 

BOYCE 

(1883).     C.  glomerata 

BOYKIN 

(1838).     C.  glandulosa 
Brady 

(1896).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Brandegee 

4; C.  pentagona  calycina 

7;  (1889;  1892;  1905);   C.  califor- 

nica  graciliflora 

404;  (1893;  1915).     C.  tuberculata 

406.  C.  leptantha  palmeri 

407.  C.  umbellata  typica 

409;  (1890;  1897;  1904).   C.  macrocephala 

704.     C.  curta 

(1869).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1889).     C.  veatchii  typica 

(1890;  1897;  1905).     C.  califofnica   brevi- 
flora 

(1892); C.  indecora  neuropetala 

(1892;  1894;  1905).     C.  subinclusa 

(1893).     C.  americana  congesta 

(1893).     C.  gracillima  esquamata 

(1893;  1902;  1904).     C.  umbellata  reflexa 

(1897).     C.  planiflora 

(1904).     C.  applanata 

(1904).     C.  polj'anthemos 

(1909).     C.  denticulata 

(1913;  1915).     C.  veatchii  apoda 

(1914); C.  califomica  brachycalyx 

C.  salina  major 

Braxinton 

(1902).     C.  subinclusa 
Brendel 

(1880); C.  coryU 

(1892).     C.  polygonorum 

C.  compacta  typica 

C.  cephalanthi 

Brewer 

68;  1292  in  part;  2698.     C.  subinclusa 


211]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER 


121 


1283;  1292  in  part.  C.  calif ornica  gracili- 
flora 
Bridges 

C.  subinclusa 

Briggs 

i   1509.     C.  cephalanthi 

Brinton 

(1888).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Brixton 

1910;  3006;  3897.     C.  americana  congesta 

3102.     C.  umbellata  typica 

3798.     C.  pentagona  calycina 
Brixton,  Britton  &  Marble 

2227.     C.  americana  spectabilis 
Britton,  Britton  &  Shater 

43.     C.  americana  congesta 

137.     C.  americana  spectabilis 
Britton,  Britton  &  Wilson 

5507.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 
Britton  &  Cowell 

306.     C.  pentagona  calycina 
Britton,  Cowell  &  Britton 

2109.     C.  glandulosa 

5379.     C.  americana  spectabilis 
Britton,  Cowell  &  Brown 

4676;  4794;  4978.     C.  umbellata  typica 
Britton,  Cowell  &  Shafer 

12887.     C.  americana  congesta 
Britton,  Earle  &  Wilson 

5917.     C.  americana  congesta 
Britton  &  Fishlock 

1101.     C.  americana  spectabilis 
Britton  &  Hollick 

1737.     C.  umbellata  typica 
Britton  &  Millspaugh 

2208;  2811;  5519;  5925;  5963.     C.    ameri- 
cana congesta 
Britton  &  Shafer 

707.     C.  americana  spectabilis 

1866.     C.  umbellata  typica 

2915.     C.  partita 

3065.     C.  americana  congesta 

3069.     C.  ceratophora 
Britxon  &  Wheeler 

224.     C.  americana  spectabilis 
Brixxon,  Wilson  &  Leon 

15321.     C.  americana  congesta 
Brixxon,  Wilson  &  Selby 

14493.     C.  americana  congesta 
Broadway 

(1905).     C.  americana  congesta 


Broomfield 

(1847).     C.  umbellata  typica 
Broiherxon 

(1898).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Brown 

132.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

492.     C.  planiflora 
Buckley 

(1841;  1844).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1842).     C.  rostrata 

BUFFUM 

1405.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 
Burnham 
37.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
(1895;  1901).     C.  coryli 
Burxx-Davy 

1941.     C.  calif  ornica  graciliflora 
1966;  (1896).     C.  salina  major 
7831^/^    C.  salina  squamigera 
Bush 
6;  28;  202;  327;  411;  1815;  3244;  (1892). 

C,  coryli 
63;   138;   1007;   1062;   (1892;   1893).     C. 

pentagona  typica 
215;  387;  812;  1011;   1067;  1416;   1509; 
1568;    1569;    4909;    7868;    (1888;    1893). 

C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
218;  371;  5143;  (1892).  C.  compacta  typica 

262;(1892).C.  cephalanthi. 
388;  414;  932;  1359;  (1893).  C.  cuspidata 
389;  (1893).     C.  glomerata 
1405.     C.  glandulosa 
1535.     C.  indecora  hispidula 
1750;  3013;  4068;   5855.     C.   pentagona 

calycina 
Bush  &  Palmer 
3063.     C.  pentagona  calycina 

BUSXAMENXE 

83.     C.  jalapensis 
Butler 
2;  (1877).     C.  indecora  longisepala 
4.     C.  pentagona  verrucosa 
13;  111;  11235.     C.  glomerata 
15.     C.  califomica  breviflora 
19;  50;  94;  11236.     C.  coryli 
536.     C.  planiflora 
(1875).     C.  cuspidata 

C.^MP 

(1893).     C.  cephalanthi 
Campbell 

(1897).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 


122 


ILUNOJS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


[212 


C.VNBY 

2.  C.  compwicta  tjijica 

3.  C.  grono\'ii  vulgivaga 
(1862).     C.  cephalanthi 

(1863;  1895).     C.  pentagona  typica 

(1876;  1880;  1884;  1888).     C.  rostrata 

(1886).     C.  coryli 

C.  epilinum 

Cannon 

172.     C.  rostrata 
Carey 

C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

C.\KLETON 

421;  (1892).     C.  cuspidata 

C-\RPENTER 

(1892).     C.  subinclusa 
Chalmot 

C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

Chandler 

423.    C.  califomica  breviflora 

485.     C.  polygonorum 

2010;  5199;  5384;  (1897).     C.   californica 
graciliflora 

2043.    C.  salina  major 

7123;  7124.     C.  subinclusa 
Chapman 

C.  pentagona  tjpica 

C.  compacta  tj-pica 

Chapman  HERB.utn'M 

3735b.     C.  compacta  tv'pica 

(1863).     C.  glandulosa 
Chase 

169;  600;  1181;  2626;  (1896).     C.  gronovii 
vulgivaga 

422.     C.    glomerata' 

522;  (1894;  1896); C.  coryU 

1982.     C.  cephalanthi 

2532.     C.  polygonorum 

2571.     C.  compacta  tj'pica 
Cheney 

(1889).     C.  polygonorum 
Chestnut 

(1887).     C.  subinclusa  . 

Chesndt  &  Drew 

(1888).     C.  indecora  neuropetala 
Chickering 

(1873).     C.  pentagona  tj-pica 

(1877;  1880).     C.  rostrata 
Clapp 

(1836;  1837).     C.  glomerata 
Clark 

4264.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1909).     C.  glomerata 


Clements 
2799.     C.  cor>li 
2799J^    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
2819.     C.  glomerata 

CUNTON 

11794;  11795;  11796;  28574;  30449;  30450. 
C.  cephalanthi 

28756.     C.  glomerata 

30438.     C.  polygonorum 

(1864).    C.  coryU 

(1864); C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

C.  epilinum 

Cockerell 

20.     C.  applanata 
Cocks 

C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

Collins  &  Kempton 

315.     C.  californica  graciliflora 

328.     C.  salina  squamigera 
Colorado  St.\te  AcRicuLxtrRAL    College 
herbarktm 

1541.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 
Combs 

546.    C.  americana  congesta 
Commons 

5850;  (1863).     C.  epilinum 

CONGDON 

65;  66.  C.  califomica  brachycalyx 
69;  (1881;  1903).     C.  subinclusa 
(1901;  1904).     C.  salina  major 
(1902).     C.  p>entagona  calycina 
Cook 

(1887).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

COOLEY 

(1882).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Cooper 

421.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

(1901).     C.  cephalanthi 
Copeland 

73.     C.  subinclusa 
CocES  &  Palmer 

246.     C.  indecora  hispidula 
Coulter 

1010.     C.  umbellata  typica 

(1874).     C.  pentagona  typica 

(1876).     C.  polygonorum 

COVILLE 

(1895).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

COVILLE  &  FuNSTON 

102,  338.    C.  califomica  graciliflora 

COVILLE  &  LeIBERG 

150.     C.  subinclusa 

175.    C.  califomica  breviflora 


213]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER         123 


COWLES 

520.  C.  salina  major 
Craig 

(1908).     C.  coryli 

(1911).  C.  glomerata 
Cratty 

(1901).     C.  glomerata 

CURRAN 

(1883;  1888).     C.  denticulata 

CURTISS 

2188;  5840;  5881;  (1843).     C.    pentagona 

typica 
2193;  5328.     C.  comf)acta,  typica 

(1845); C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1845).    C.  rostrata 

CUSICK 

2341.     C.  planifiora 
2347.     C.  califomica  breviflora 
Daniels 

indecora  neuropetala 

pentagona  calycina 


C.  americana  congesta 


426. 

696. 
Dash 

628. 
Davis 

561.     C.  epithymum 

(1876;  1879).     C.  cephalanthi 

(1889;  1892).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1908).    C.  racemosa  chiliana 
Day 

64.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

409.     C.  epithymum 
Deam 

190;  444;  512;  9817;  14856.     C.  coryli 

490;  1582;  5363;  5364  in  part;  9889; 
15304;  15382;  15476;  26482;  (1899; 
1903;  1905).    C.  cephalanthi 

5364  in  part;    5473;    7600;   9535; 


12129 
18784 
24014 
29812 


12225;    14701;    14888;    15339; 

21696;    22339;    23800;    23860; 

26391;    26575;    26831;    28267; 

30240;   (1897;   1903;   1904;   1906).     C. 

gronovii  vulgivaga 
7101;  9871;  12403;  17384;  25430;  28370; 

28400.     C.  pentagona  typica 
9520;  18499;  24280;  28253;  29076;  29369. 

C.  compacta  typica 
15269;  22182;  (1903).     C.  polygonorum 
(1901).    C.  glomerata 
Dean 

(1861).     C.  glomerata 
DeBarr 
460.     C.  cuspidata 


Dewart 

(1892).     C.  coryli 

(1892).     C.  cephalanthi 
Dewey 

37.     C.  compacta  typica 

(1902).     C.  epilinum 
Dick 

(1890;  1895).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Dodge 

104;  372;  (1896).     C.  coryli 
Douglass 

(1891).     C.  glomerata   . 
Drummond 

III  247.     C.  pentagona  verrucosa 

C.  pentagona  calycina 

Drushell 

(1916).     C.  coryli 
Dubois 

(1888).    C.  cephalanthi 
Dltdley 

(1882).     C.  coryli 

(1882).     C.  cephalanthi 

DUFFEY 

(1889).    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Duces 

(1880).     C.  odontolepis  fimbriata 
Duss,  PfeRE 

1878;  2468.     C.  americana  congesta 
Eames 

(1894).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Earle  &  Earle 

289.     C.  squamata 
Eastwood 

91.    C.  pentagona  calycina 

129;  (1890).    C.  indecora  neuropetala 

Eaton 

(1858).     C.  compacta  t3T)ica 

C.  cuspidata 

Ebert 

(1893).     C.  umbellata  reflexa 
Eggert 

(1874;  1878;  1891); C.  cuspidata 

(1875;  1880).     C.  glomerata 

(1877).     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

(1877).     C.  gronovii  latiflora 

(1878;    1886;    1891;    1893).     C.   gronovii 
vulgivaga 

(1878).    C.  polygonorum 

(1879;  1886;  1897).     C.  coryli 

(1879;  1891;  1896;  1897).    C.  pentagona 
typica 


124 


ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


[214 


(1891;  1894;  1897;  1898).     C.  compacta 
typica 
Eggleson 

7649.     C.  subinclusa 

12247.     C.  pentagona  typica 

12249.     C.  gronovii  vxilgivaga 
Ellis 

221;  224.     C.  curta 
Elmee 

1757.     C.  salina  major 

4543.     C.  califomica  breviflora 
Ely 

(1888),    C.  pentagona  tj-pica 
Engelmann 

417;  (1841;  1864).     C.  glomerata 

(1841;  1842;  1843;  1860).     C.  coryU 

(1841;  1843;  1845).     C.  gronovu  latiflora 

(1841;  1842;  1860;  1879).    C.  cephalanthi 

(1842;  1845).     C.  compacta  typica 

(1845).     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

(1856;  1876).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1876).     C.  pentagona  typica 

(1880).     C.  erosa 

(1880).    C.  odontolepb  ty-pica 

(1880).     C.  subinclusa 

(1880).     C.  umbellata  reflexa 
Farwell 

1291.     C.  coryli 
Faviiat 

41.    C.  americana  congesta 
Fay 

(1914).     C.  planiflora 
Fendler 

657.  C.  glomerata 

658.  C.  coryli 
659b.     C.  cuspidata 

Fernald 

88.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Fernald  &  Weatherby 

259.     C.  pentagona  t>-pica 
Fernon 

1896.     C.  umbellata  typica 
Fink 

207;  632.    C.  cephalanthi 

305.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Fish 

(1882;  1883).     C.  subinclusa 
Fisher 

147.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

FiSHLOCK 

489.     C.  americana  spectabilis 


FrrzPATRiCK 

25.     C.  coryli 

(1897).    C.  glomerata 
Foster 

1863.     C.  salina  major 

(1901).     C.  gronoNai  vulgivaga 

FOWXER 

(1880;  1884;  1892;  1894).    C.  gronovii  vul- 
givaga 
Fredholm 

305.     C.  compacta  efimbriata 

3304.     C.  indecora  hispidula 
Fremont 

79.     C.  curta 
Fretz 

(1882).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Fxtertes 

117;  916;  975b.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

194.     C.  americana  spectabilis 
Ftirbish 

(1897).     C.  europaea 
Galeotti 

1412.     C.  cor>-mbosa  stylosa 
Garber 

1883.     C.  umbellata  typica 

(1911).     C.  coryH 
Gardner 

(1901).     C.  califomica  breviflora 
Garrett 

192;  1714;   1716;  1719;  2692;  2736.     C. 
indecora  neuropetala 

1002.     C.  planiflora 

2170.     C.  califomica  breviflora 

2213.     C.  cephalanthi 
Gattinger 

(1879).     C.  pentagona  typica 

(1881).    C.  polygonorum 

(1886).     C.  compacta  typica 

(1886).    C.  glomerata 

(1886).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1886).     C.  cephalanthi 
Gal'mer 

705.     C.  americana  spectabilis 
Gayle 

811.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Geyer 

674.    C.  pentagona  calycina 

(1841).    C.  gronovii  latiflora 

(1842).     C.  cor>4i 

(1842).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1842).     C.  pentagona  tj-pica 

C.  cephalanthi 


215] 


NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER 


125 


GOLL 

565;  711.     C.  americana  spectabilis 

GOODDING 

509.     C.  pentagona  calycina 

724.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

2296.     C.  veatchii  apoda 

2482.     C.  umbellata  typica 
Grabendorfer 

(1899).     C.  tuberculata 
Graham 

250.     C.  jalapensis 
Grant 

1141.     C.  subinclusa 

3629;  (1901).     C.  pentagona  calycina 

5217.     C.  cephalanthi 
Gray  &  Sullivant 

(1843).     C.  coryli 

(1843).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1853).     C.  rostrata 

(1863).     C.  compacta  typica 
Green 

275.     C.  leptantha  tj^ica 

12953;  (1880).     C.  umbellata  typica 

(1880).     C.  tuberculata 
Greene 

327.     C.  salina  squamigera 

335.     C.  subinclusa 

978.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

1046.     C.  racemosa  chiliana 

(1913).     C.  curta 
Greenman 

1477;  1478;  1825;  2138;  2695.    C.  gronovii 
vulgivaga 

2782;  3800.     C.  coryli 

2881;  (1912).     C.  glomerata 
Gregg 

401;  417.     C.  pentagona  verrucosa 

490; C.  umbellata  typica 

570.     C.  tinctoria 

(1847).     compacta  tj-pica 

(1849).     C.  americana  congesta 

C.  gronovii  cal3T}trata 

Griffiths 

2044.    C.  umbellata  reflexa 

2155.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 
Griffiths  &  Slosser 

38;  105.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

235.     C.  pentagona  calycina 

302;  (1894).     C.  coryli 
Griffiths  &  Thornber 

21.     C.  odontolepis  typica 


Gross 

2193.     C.  compacta  typica 

(1882).     C.  pentagona  tjT)ica 
Hahn 

18.    C.  corymbosa  grandiflora 
Hale 

(1860-61).    C.  coryU 
Hall 

2;  (1860).    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

3.  C.  curta 

4.  C.  coryli 

491;  493  in  part.  C.  indecora  hispidula 

492;  493  in  part.  C.  pentagona  verrucosa 

493  in  part.    C.  indecora  longisepala 

5721.     C.  salina  major 

9094.     C.  calif omica  breviflora 

9219;  (1897); C.  califomica  gracili- 

flora 

9675;  (1901).     C.  subinclusa 

(1861;  1867).     C.  cephalanthi 

(1867).     C.  cuspidata 

(1901).     C.  califomica  papillosa 
Hall  &  Harbour 

404.     C.  cuspidata 

464.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 
Hamilton 

16.     C.  americana  spectabilis 
Hannah 

(1916).     C.  cuspidata 

(1916).     C.  glomerata 

(1916).     C.  polygonorum 
Hansen 

1275.     C.  subinclusa 
Harbour 

464.    C.  pentagona  calycina 
Harger 

(1891).     C.  pentagona  typica 

Harper 

147.     C.  harperi 

209;  224;  1650.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

Harris 

6975.     C.  americana  congesta 

Harrison 

(1888).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Harshberger 

(1904).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

Hartman 

52.     C.  odontolepis  typica 

179.     C.  tuberculata 

236.     C.  americana  congesta 


126 


ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


[216 


Harvey  &  Harvey 

699;  (1895).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Harwood 

(1901).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Hasse 

(1882).    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1887).     C.  glomerata 

(1890).     C.  subinclusa 

(1892).     C.  califomica  papillosa 
Havard 

2.     C.  pentagona  calycina 

4.     C.  leptantha  typica 

(1881;  1883).     C.  squaraata 
Hayden 

26.     C.  coryli 

(1853).     C.  glomerata 

(1853).    C.  cuspidata 

(1853).    C.  pentagona  typica 

C.  cephalanthi 

Hays 

C.  umbellata  typica 

Headly 

(1907).     C.  indecora  neuroptela 
Hedgcock 

(1889).     C.  cuspidata 

(1894).     C.  cephalanthi 

(1899).     C.  glomerata 

(1901).     C.  pentagona  calycina 
Hedrick 

(1899).     C.  pentagona  calycina 
Heizer 

345.     C.  planiflora 
Heller 

1135.     C.  pentagona  calycina 

1166.     C.  compacta  typica 

1549.     C.  pentagona  verrucosa 

1899;  6169.     C.  americana  spectabilis 

9684.     C.  califomica  breviflora 

11588.    C.  subinclusa 

11677.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 
Heller  &  Halbach 

1357.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Hemmick 

4.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Henderson 

2892.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

(1884).     C.  cephalanthi 
Henry 

4912;  4913.     C.  salina  major 
Hermann,  v. 

686.     C.  glandulosa 


C.  pentagona  calycina 


Herrick 

(1904). 
Heyde 

287.     C.  tinctoria 
Heyde  &  Lux 

2912.     C.  tinctoria 
Hill 

66-1876.     C.  curta 

68-1909,     C.  epithymum 

76-1871;  128-1905.     C.  pentagona  typica 

81-1884;  134-1882;  151-1871.    C.  gronovii 
vulgivaga 

95-1876;  100-1897;  120-1897;  124-1897. 
C.  coryli 

(1891).     C.  cephalanthi 

(1891).     C.  polygonorum 

HiLLMAN 

(1891).     C.  denticulata 

(1899); C.  planiflora 

(1904).     C.  pentagona  typica 

(1904;  1905).     C.  coryli 

C.  cuspidata 

C.  pentagona  calycina 

C.  polygonorum 

C.  racemosa  chiliana 

HlORAM,  Bro. 

2279.     C.  americana  spectabilis 
Hitchcock 

188;  (1915).     C.  salina  major 

205;  (1915).     C.  subinclusa 

232;  (1904).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

359.         C.  cuspidata 

(1888).     C.  glomerata 

(1890).     C.  americana  conges ta 

(1894).     C.  cephalanthi 

(1905).     C.  compacta  typica 

(1905); C.  pentagona  typica 

(1905).     C.  rostrata 

(1910).     C.  epithymum 

(1915); C.  califomica  graciliflora 

Hollister 

120.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga. 
Holm 

(1888).     C.  compacta  typica 

(1893).     C.  pentagona  typica 
Holmes 

•17188.     C.  pentagona  typica 

HOLTON 

C.  americana  spectabilis 

Hoizinger 

(1888).     C.  polygonorum 


217] 


NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER 


127 


(1888).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
(1889).    C.  cephalanthi 

HOPEMAN 

(1893).     C.  glomerata 
Horn 

2849;  (1863).     C.  subinclusa 
Horner 

373.     C.  califomica  breviflora 

639.     C.  pentagona  calycina 
House 

4683.     C.  salina  major 

HOVEY 

C.  coryli 

C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

Howard 

(1888).     C.  leptantha  typica 
Howell 

336.     C.  pentagona  calycina 

(1884).     C.  califomica  breviflora 
Humboldt 

C.  umbellata  typica 

Hurst 

(1890).     C.  planiflora 
Jacobs 

(1888).     C.  cephalanthi 
James 

C.  umbellata  typica 

Jepson 

3b;  3c;  4a;  4d;  4e;  70a;  70b;  125b;  1735; 
(1892).    C.  subinclusa 

5a;  1570.     C.  salina  squamigera 

5b;  5d;  (1891).  C.  califomica  bracbycalyx 

5c.  C.  jepsonii 

70c;  1704.    C.  califomica  graciliflora 

80a;  125a.     C.  califomica  apodanthera 

1628.    C.  califomica  papillosa 

(1893).     C.  racemosa  chiliana 
Jepson  &  Woolsey 

4c.    C.  subinclusa 
Jermy 

34.     C.  pentagona  pubescens 

74;  75.    C.  indecora  neuropetala 

(1904).    C.  exaltata 
Johnson 

399.    C.  indecora  neuropetala 

(1888).    C.  coryli 

(1900).     C.  pentagona  typica 

(1903).     C.  cuspidata 
Johnston 

(1904).     C.  epithymum 
Jones 

571;  1914;  (1880).     C.  curta 


1331;  (1880).     C.  indecora  neuropetala 
1370.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
1875;  1915.     C.  califomica  breviflora 
1918.     C.  cephalanthi 
2316;  (1880;  1901).    C.  salina  squamigera 
2490;  3712.    C.  subinclusa 
3862.     C.  veatchii  typica 
4032;  4116;  5482b;  5653;  (1884).    C.  pen- 
tagona calycina 
4170;  (1884).     C.  squamata 
(1884).    C.  denticulata 

JOOR 

(1877).     C.  pentagona  verrucosa 

(1891).     C.  compacta  typica 
Kammerer 

98.     C.  planiflora 
Karwinski 

(1827;  1842).     C.  tinctoria 
Kearney 

52.     C.  califomica  brachycalyx 

472;  588.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

842.     C.  rostrata 

843;  1583.     C.  pentagona  typica 

844;  845;  2365.     C.  compacta  typica 

(1890).     C.  glomerata 
Keeler 

(1889).     C.  pentagona  typica 
Kellerman 

50.     C.  pentagona  calycina 

4591;  5576;  5916a.     C.  corymbosa  grand- 
iflora 

7567.     C.  tinctoria  kellermaniana 

(1890).    C.  glomerata 

(1871).     C.  cephalanthi 
Kellogg 

(1909).     C.  compacta  typica 
Kellogg  &  Harford 

779.  C.  salina  major 

780.  C.  pentagona  typica 

KiLBORNE 

(1882).     C.  epilinum 

KiLLEBREW 

(1885).     C.  pentagona  typica 

King 

(1894).    C.  salina  major 

KlRKWOOD 

50.    C.  decipiens 
Knight 

(1905).    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

Knowlton 
(1895).    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 


129 


ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


[218 


KUNT2E 

555;  556.    C.  amerkana  spectabilis 
Lan-glass£ 

127.     C.  americana  congesta 

438.    C.  ceratophora 
Langlois 

237.     C.  ^andulosa 

(1879).     C.  indecora  neurc^tala 
Lansing 

2846.     C.  pentagona  typica. 

3301.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Lapham 

(1842).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Lakrab££ 

(1900).     C.  pentagona  verrucosa 
Leach 

(1861).     C.  curta 
Leggett 

(1870).    C.coryU 
Lehmaxn 

1682.    C.  tinctoria 
Leibesg 

5266;  5267;  5330.     C.  califomica  gracili- 
flora 

5268.     C.  subindusa 

53%.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

5965.     C.  applanata 
LeJous  Herb. 

(1866).     C.  giadllima  sacchaiata 
Leiocon 

(1875).     C.  califomica  graciliflora 

(1878).     C.  salina  squamigera 

(1878).     C.  subindusa 

(1881).    C.  indecora  neiux>petala 

C.  umbellata  typica 

Leon 

7707.    C  pentagona  cafydna 
Leon  &Eckman 

4270.     C.  pentagona  calydna 
Leokakd 

250;  (1883).     C.  curta 
Letteshann 

(1875).     C.  pentagona  tjrpica 

(1879); C.  compacta  typica 

Lewis 

224.     C.  pentagona  typica 

LlEBMANN 

C.  gracfflima  saccharata 

Linden 

1994.  C.  americana  spectabilis 

C.  americana  congesta 

C.  coiymbosa  stylosa 


Lixdht'.tmt.k 

10;  1028;  (1847).     C.  glomerata 

123;  318;  1029.     C.  indecora  hispidula 

124;  474;  HI  475.  C.  indecora  neuropetala 

125;  277.     C.  cuspidata 

126;  664.    C.  pentagona  calycina 

127;  473.     C.  pentagona  verrucosa 

235?;  (1841).    C.  gronovii  calyptrata 

472;  (1846).     C.  exaltata 

(1847).     C.  pentagona  pubescens 

Lloyd 

28;  193.     C.  dedpiens 
(1888).     C.  polygonorum 
(1890).     C.  cephalanthi 

Lloyd  &  Eaille 

(1900).     C.  compacta  typica 

Lloyd  &  Tracy 

124;  128.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

Lowe 

(1916).     C.  epithymum 

Lunell 

842;  (1908).     C.  cuspidata 

(1907;  1908;  1909;  1912).     C.  curta 

Lyall 

(1858-59).    C.  cephalanthi 

McAtee 

1807a.     C.  compacta  typica 
McCall 

(1877).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
McCarthy 

(1885).     C.  pentagona  typica 
McClatchie 

(1896).     C.  salina  squamigera 

(1892).    C.  pentagona  calycina 
McDonald 

(1885;  1894).     C.  cephalanthi 

(1886;  1887).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1904).     C.  pentagona  typica 
McDougal 

26.     C.  umbellata  reflexa 

378.     C.  pentagona  caljxina 

685.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

(1889).    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
McDougaix 

(1917).     C.  cephalanthi 
McGregor  &  Abrams 

36;  700.     C.  califomica  graciliflora 

McKlNNEY 

(1916).    C.  pentagona  calycina 
McMillan 

(1890).    C.  glomerata 


219]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER 


129 


McMURPHY 

54.  C.  salina  major 

55.  C.  californica  graciliflora 
Mackenzie 

81.     C.  umbellata  typica 

370.     C.  gronovii  latiflora 

543.     C.  cuspidata 

2908.     C.  compacta  tjrpica 

3797.     C.  gronovii  vxilgivaga 

4782.     C.  pentagona  typica 
Macoun 

11852;  23972.     C.  pentagona  calycina 

85812;  85818.     C.  salina  squamigera 

(1887).     C.  salina  major 
Maltby 

21.     C.  salina  squamigera 
Manning 

497;  498.     C.  subinclusa 
Martin 

(1889).     C.  epithymum 
Martindale 

(1877).    C.  pentagona  typica 

C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

Maxon 

(1897).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Mayer 

(1867).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
M.  E. 

347.     C.  rugisoceps 
Mearns 

640;  (1887).     C.  umbellata  typica 
Merrill 

699.    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Metcalf 

1290.     C.  leptantha  typica 

(1903).     C.  pentagona  calycina 
Mesyer 

(1841).     C.  coryli 

MiCHENER  &  BlOLETTI 

(1891;  1893).     C.  caUfomica  graciliflora 

(1891).     C.  salina  major 

(1893).     C.  californica  brachycalyx 

MlXLIGAN 

(1907).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

MiLLSPAUGH  &  MiLLSPAUGH 

9029.     C.  americana  congesta 

M  OFF  ATT 

526.     C.  glopierata 

1650.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

MOHR 

885c;  (1876;  1888).     C.  indecora  neuro- 
petala 


(1872;   1882;   1893;   1896).    C.   gronovii 
vulgivaga 

(1874;  1888).    C.  pentagona  typica 

(1882).     C.  polygonorum 

(1894).     C.  cephalanthi 

(1896).     C.  compacta  typica 

(1899).     C.  rostrata 
Moore 

(1918).     C.  epithymum 
Morris 

(1897).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

MOSELEY 

(1897;  1898).     C.  polygonorum 
(1897).  C.  cephalanthi 

MOSER 

1832.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

MtTLFORD 

1078a.     C.  umbeUata  typica 
(1892).    C.  curta 

MtjLLER 

1260.     C.  corjonbosa  stylosa 
(1853).     C.  ceratophora 
(1853).     C.  jalapensis 

MtTRDOCK 

2537.     C.  subinclusa 
Nash 

759.     C.  americana  spectabilis 

2283.     C.  pentagona  typica 
Nash  &  Taylor 

1578.     C.  americana  congesta 
Nealley 

83;  141.     C.  indecora  hispidula 

84.    C.  pentagona  pubescens 

92.    C.  glandulosa 

94;  126;  278.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

100;  100a.    C.  umbellata  typica 

260.     C.  exaltata 

338.    C.  umbellata  reflexa 
Nelson 

1139;  1210;  4936.     C.  planiflora 

2014.    C.  corymbosa  stylosa 

2741  in  part;  2768;  9118.     C.  plattensis 

2741  in  part;  8576.    C.  indecora  neuro- 
petala / 

5053.     C.  curta 
Newberry 

C.  subinclusa 

Niexjwland 

11500.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Norton 

358.     C.  polygonorum 

360.     C.  glomerata 


130 


ILLINOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


[220 


Nttttail 

C.  coryli 

Oldberg 

(1872).    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Olney 

(1872).     C.  coryU 
Orcxttt 

1499;  (1888).    C.  californica  graciliflora 

(1889),    C.  denticulata 

C.  veatchii  typica 

OSTERHOUT 

4602.    C.  californica  breviflora 
Over 

1907.     C.  pentagona  typica 

2157.    C.  indecora  neuropetala 

2355.    C.  racemosa  chiliana 

5131.     C.  glomerata 
Oyster 

5953.    C.  cuspidata 
Page 

2641.     C.  compacta  typica 
Painter 

745.    C.  pentagona  typica 
Palmer 

16;  544.    C.  laptantha  palmeri 

22;  808;  2737;  2821;  4149;  4757;  8407; 
8710.    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

51.    C.  gracillima  saccharata 

52;  141.    C.  macrocephala 

56.    C.  corymbosa  grandiflora 

87;  579;  918.    C.  tinctoria 

137;  (1879).     C.  mitraeformis 

142;  227;  517;  631^;  641.     C.  applanata 

149.    C.  racemosa  chiliana 

173.    C.  umbellata  reflexa 

202;  218;  307;  723;  730;  919;  7709;  12914. 
C.  pentagona  verrucosa 

284;  530;  630.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

331;  341.     C.  americana  congesta 

m;  640.     C.  indecora  longisepala 

382.     C.  pentagona  calycina 

412.     C.  odontolepis  fimbriata 

432.    C.  pentagona  typica 

411;  471;  500;  501;  506;  511;  916.     C. 
umbellata  typica 

605.    C.  glandulosa 

631.     C.  jalapensis 

818;  3069;  3129;  3861.     C.  glomerata 

948.  C.  deltoidea 

949.  C.  gracillima  subtilis 
1209.    C.  umbellata  dubia 


1292;  2737.     C.  gronovii  latiflora 

2392d;  2761.     C.  californica  graciliflora 

3197;  3835.     C.  coryli 

6684.     C.  cuspidata 

6840;  8476.     C.  compacta  typica 

(1869).     C.  erosa 
Pammel 

(1886).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1888); C.  coryli 

Pammel  &  Ball 

79.     C.  glomerata 
Parish 

538a;  4130;  5524.     C.  californica  papillosa 

539;  3958;  5533.     C.  subinclusa 

2174;  6012.     C.  salina  squamigera 

2281.     C.  salina  major 

2436;  3230;  3231;  3236.     C.  denticulata 

5905;  5532.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

(1898); C.  glandulosa 

Parker 

(1866).     C.  pentagona  tj^ica 
Parlin 

875.     C.  epithymum 
Parry 

205.  C.  denticulata 

206.  C.  salina  squamigera 
273.    C.  cuspidata 

500.     C.  applanata 

(1850).    C.  californica  graciliflora 

(1852).     C.  squamata 
Parry  &  Palmer 

631.     C.  tinctoria 

(1877).    C.  corymbosa  stylosa 
Patterson 

10430;  (1872); C.  cephalanthi 

C.  glomerata 

C.  pentagona  tj^ica 

Payson 

588.    C.  pentagona  calycina 
Pease 

C.  cephalanthi 

Peirson 

150;  261.     C.  subinclusa 

150a.    C.  californica  graciliflora 
Pepoon 

190;  191;  450;  837;  892.     C.  gronovii  vul- 
givaga 

300;  936.     C.  glomerata 
Perrixe 

(1896).    C.  curta 


221]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER 


131 


Petersen 
(1908),    C.  indecora  neuropetala 
(1909).    C.  curta 

PiNEO 

C.  salina  major 

Piper 

715.     C.  salina  major 

(1898).    C.  epithymum 
PrrriER 

497.    C.  umbellata  typica 
Plank 

(1891).     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

(1895).    C.  umbellata  typica 

POITEAU 

(1802;  1845).     C.  americana  spectabilis 

C.  europaea 

Pol 

(1888).    C.  coryli 
Pollard 

239.     C.  cephalanthi 

1280.     C.  glomerata 

(1894).    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Pollard  &  Maxon 

341.    C.  harperi 
Pollard  &  Palmer 

393.     C.  americana  spectabilis 
Pollock 

C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

Porter 

(1863).     C.  epilinum 

(1863).    C.  polygonorum 

(1864;  1879;  1890;  1895).     C.  cephalanthi 

(1869).    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1873).    C.  indecora  neuropetala 

(1873).    C.  curta 

(1879)     C.  gronovii  latiflora 
Pound 

(1889).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Price 

(1897).     C.  compacta  typica 

(1898).     C.  pentagona  typica 

(1898).     C.  polygonorum 
Pringle 

105.     C.  desmoidiniana 

144;  3111;  13797;  (1891).     C.    pentagona 
calycina 

145.     C.  subinclusa 

291;  1342.     C.  jalapensis 

783;  6297.     C.  umbellata  typica 

784.  C.  applanata 

785.  C.  squamata 


2472.     C.  pringlei 
4330.     C.  mitraeformis 
4331;  11306.    C.  corymbosa  grandiflora 
4529.     C.  tinctoria 
4967.     C.  rugosiceps 
5349.     C.  chapalana 
6189;  8716.     C.  gracillima  subtilis 
6574.    C.  corymbosa  stylosa 
6575;  7179.     C.  potosina  globifera 
8514.     C.  epithymimi 
(1880).    C.  epilinum  ^ 

(1881;  1884).     C.  indecora  neurfpetala 
(1884).    C.  tuberculata 
Prout 

(1840).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

PXIRPUS 

3553;  5708.     C.  tinctoria 

4563;  6343.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

4873,     C.  decipiens 

4971;  5036.     C.  choisiana 

4972;  5444.    C.  purpusii 

5678.    C.  salina  acuminata 

5709.    C.  potosina  globifera 

5730,    C,  applanata 

5745;  7564;  7775.     C.  corymbosa  stylosa 

8175,     C.  pringlei 

8274.    C,  umbellata  typica 

C.  indecora  bifida 

Rattan 

4d.    C.  pentagona  calycina 

293.     C.  subinclusa 
Ravenel 

(1869) ; C.  pentagona  tjT)ica 

(1874).    C.  compwicta  typica 
Redfield 

5652;  5845;  5851;  (1874).    C.  compacta 
typica 

5853;  5854.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

5859.    C.  subinclusa 
Reed 

2372.     C.  califomica  papillosa 

(1911).     C.  califomica  brachycalyx 
Remy 

(1855).     C.  salina  squamigera 

(1855).     C.  subinclusa 
Reppert 

(1895).    C.  cuspidata 
Reverchon 

663;  2552;  (1875;  1880).  C.  exaltata 

664;  2194;  3202.     C.  cuspidata 

1686.     C.  glomerata 


132 


ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


[222 


3201;  3883.     C.  compacta  lypica. 

(1875).     C.  indecora  longisepala 

(1878).    C.  glandulosa 

(1878).     C.  pentagona  verrucosa 

(1878).     C.  cephalanthi 

(1880).     C.  pentagona  calycina 

C.  gronovii  latiflora 

Reynolds 

(1872).     C.  pentagona  typica 
Rich 

(1896).-  C.  pentagona  typica 

RiCKER 

469;  1396;  1397.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

RiCKSECKZR 

93;  313;  313a.     C.  americana  spectabilis 

RlEHL 

15;  16.     C.  glomerata 
(1843).    C.  gronovii  latiflora 
(1848).    C.  pentagona  typica 

RiES 

(1893).    C.  cuspidata 
Rolfs 

508;  510.    C.  compacta  typica 
Rose 

2445.     C.    applanata 

11887.    C.    indecora    neuropetala 

12074.     C.  denticulata 

16206.    C.  califomica  breviflora 
Rose  &  Fitch 

17027.    C.  indecora  neuropetala 
Rose,  Fitch  &  Russell 

3279;  3604;  3608;  3763;  3853.    C.  ameri- 
cana spectabilis 

3691.     C.  americana  congesta 
Rose  &  Hay 

5866.    C.  applanata 

6170.     C.  mitraefonnis 
Rose  &  Painter 

7473.     C.  tinctoria 
Rose,  Painter  &  Rose 

9650.     C.  potosina  typica 

9887;  9888;  10275.     C.  applanata 
Rose  &  Rose 

11150.     C.  tinctoria 

11215.    C.  potosina  globifera 

11413.     C.  applanata 
Rose,  Standley  &  Russell 

12477.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

13727.    C.  americana  congesta 

13727a;  13804.    C.  gracillima  subtilis 

14329.     C.  corymbosa  grandiflora 

14929.     C.  leptantha  typica 


ROTHROCK 

101.     C.  salina  squamigera 
311;  708.     C.  pentagona  calycina 
Rowlee 

(1906).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

RUGEL 

400;  (1843).     C.  glandulosa 

400a;  400b;  (1843).     C.  pentagona  typica 

(1841); C.rostrata 

Rusby 

85;  245;  295;  (1880).     C.  pentagona  caly- 
cina 

129.     C.  umbellata  typica 

295.     C.  potosina  globifera 

(1909).     C.  califomica  graciliflora 
Russell 

(1897).    C.  cuspidata 

(1897).     C.  pentagona  typica 

C.  gronovii  latiflora 

Ruth 

8.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

159;  188.    C.  indecora  hispidula 

169;  477;  492.     C.  pentagona  typica 

317.     C.  cuspidata 

493;  (1893).    C.  harperi 

502.     C.  pentagona  verrucosa 

(1893;  1895).     C.  compacta  typica 

(1893).     C.  pentagona  calycina 
Rydberg 

264.     C.  pentagona  calycina 

1634;  1694;  3700;  (1890).      C.   indecora 
neuropetala 

1639.     C.  cuspidata 

1688;  8179;  8183.     C.  coryU 

8073.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Rydberg  &  Garrett 

8541.     C.  planiflora 

9918;  10013;  10014.     C.  pentagona  caly- 
cina 
Sandberg 

841;  (1890).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

S.^NDBERG  &  LeIBERG 

495.     C.  califomica  breviflora 
Scahmon 

1.     C.  coryli 
Schaffner 

377;  781.    C.  tinctoria 

378;  780.    C.  potosina  globifera 

379;  779.     C.  potosina  typica 

C.  macrocephala 

C.  polyanthemos 


223]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER         133 


SCHEIDE 

152.     C.  jalapensis 

SCHNECK 

(1877).    C.  glomerata 

(1880;  1881).     C.  coryli 

(1879;  1880;  1897;  1905).  C.  polygonorum 

(1880).    C.  cephalanthi 

(1887).    C.  compacta  typica 

(1906).     C.  pentagona  typica 

C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

SCHOCKLEY 

443.     C.  denticulata 

SCHOTT 

(1851).     C.  glandulosa 

C.  cuspidata 

C.  umbellata  typica 

SCHRENK 

(1890).     C.  epilinum 

(1892).    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

SCHUEBXJRT 

(1893).    C.  curta 

SCHUETTE 

95-11-7.     C.  polygonorum 
(1894).     C.  cephalanthi 

SCHURTZ 

(1907).     C.  epithymum 
Scott 

(1886).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Seaman 

C.  compacta  typica 

Sears 

(1916).     C.  polygonorum 
Seymour 

20.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Shafer 

31.     C.  americana  spectabilis 

2635.     C.  indecora  hispidula 
Shannon 

127.     C.  glomerata 
Shear 

(1891).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Sheldard 

(1892).    C.  cephalanthi 
Sheldon 

21;  (1891).    C.  pentagona  typica 

134.     C.  indecora  hispidula 
-     263;  (1884).     C.  glomerata 

8715.     C.  califomica  breviflora 

(1892).     C.  coryli 

(1892).    C.  indecora  neuropetala 


Sherff 

1755;  (1911).     C.  glomerata 

1813;  1979.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

1896;  (1911).     C.  cephalanthi 

(1911).    C.  coryU 
Short 

(1840).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1843).    C.  gronovii  latiflora 
Shreve 

381.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Shitll 

112;  189;  289;  368.    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

204;  367.    C.  compacta  typica 

393.    C.  polygonorum 
Shuttleworth 

(1843).    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Sieber 

91.    C.  americana  congesta 
Simpson 

68;  (1889).    C.  indecora  neuropetala 

361.    C.  umbellata  typica 

380.    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

SiNTENSIS 

3239.    C.  americana  spectabilis 

3851.    C.  indecora  neuropetala 
Skeels  &  Shaddick 

(1900).    C.  coryU 
Skinner 

200.    C.  pentagona  typica 
Small 

(1888).     C.  cephalanthi 

(1890;  1894).    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1893).     C.  pentagona  typica 

(1893;  1894).     C.  compacta  typica 

Smart 
345.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

Smith 
204.    C.  mitraeformis 
406.     C.  lacerata 
1831.     C.  planiflora 
1912.     C.  corymbosa  grandiflora 
(1897).     C.  indecora  hispidula 

Smyth 
80a;  80c;  80e;  80f;  80g;  80i;  80k.     C.  cus- 
pidata 
250b;  250c.     C.  glomerata 

SONES 

79.     C.  califomica  brachycalyx 

Spencer 
(1919).    C.  glomerata 


134 


ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


[224 


Standley 

426;  6370;  (1906).     C.  squamata 

5372.    C.  rostrata 

6958.    C  pentagona  calycina 

7849.     C.  umbellata  typica 

8058.     C.  planiflora 

8456;  9156;  (1905).    C.  glomerata 

8980.     C.  pentagona  typica 

9502;  9848;  9902.    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

9700.     C.  cuspidata 

9937.     C.  coryli 
Standley  &  Bullman 

12271.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Stanfield 

(1898).    C.  pentagona  calycina 
Stearns 

205;    C.  applanata 

455.     C.  squamata 
Steele 

93;  (1898;  1906;  1912).  C.  gronovii  vulgi- 
vaga 

155.     C.  pentagona  typica 

(1896;  1902;  1904).     C.  compacta  typica 

(1900).    C.  jK)lygonorum 

(1906).    C.  rostrata 
Stevens 

1000.     C.  indecora  hispidula 

2641.     C.  compacta  typica 

(1853).    C.  salina  major 

(1895).    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

C.  glomerata 

C.  cephalanthi 

Studley 

4d.    C.  indecora  neuropetala 
Sturtevant 

(1862;  1888).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1890).    C.  cephalanthi 

SUKSDORF 

1487.     C.  salina  acuminata 

2852.     C.  plattensis 

(1883).     C.  cephalanthi 
Tatntxjrier 

C.  glandulosa 

Tatnall 

(1863).     C.  epilinum 

(1884).     C.  pentagona  typica 

C.  polygonorum 

Taylor 

2606.     C.  gronovii  latiflora 

(1892).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Thacher 

34.    C.  subinclusa 


Thaxter 

(1887).     C.  pentagona  typica 
Thompson 

159.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

(1898).    C.  cuspidata 
Thornber 

32;  87;  133.     C.  indecora  neurop>etala 

2462;  7516;  (1901)  C.  salina  squamigera 

7219;  7220.     C.  erosa 

8959.     C.  umbellata  reflexa 
Thtjrber 

2.     C.  cuspidata 

570;  633.     C.  califomica  graciliflora 

818.    C.  squamata 
Tbturon 

(1890).     C.  compacta  typica 

(1890).     C.  pentagona  calycina 

TiDESTROM 

7446.     C.  compacta  typica 
Tonddz 

11750.     C.  cor5Tnbosa  grandiflora 
Torrey 

325.    C.  califomica  breviflora 
Toumey 

96;  293;  (1894).    C.  indecora  neuropetala 

TOWNSEND 

(1897).    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

ToWNSEND  &  B.\RBER 

294.     C.  jalapensis 
Tracy 

1256;  3551.     C.  salina  major 

1649.     C.  glomerata 

2349.     C.  califomica  papillosa 

4760.     C.  califomica  breviflora 

6432.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 

17189;  (1892).     C.  pentagona  typica 

(1887).     C;  planiflora 

(1887).    C.  curta 

(1887).     C.  cephalanthi 

(1888).     C.  califomica  graciliflora 
Tracy  &  Evans 

(1887).     C.  planiflora 
Trask 

187.    C.  califomica  graciliflora 
Tr£cdl 

(1848).     C.  pentagona  typica 
Trelease 

342.    C.  applanata 

477;  (1897;  1898).     C.  compacta  typica 

1112.  C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

1113.  C.  cor>'li 


225]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER         135 


TCrckheim,  v. 
II  1547.    C.  corymbosa  grandiflora 

TURESSON 

(1913).     C.  calif omica  gracilifiora 
Tweedy 

3492.     C.  planiflora 

(1890).    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Umbach 

(1895).    C.  polygonorum 

(1896).     C.  glomerate 

(1898).     C.  pentegona  calycina 

(1898).     C.  cephalanthi 
Underwood  &  Griggs 

636.     C.  americana  spectebilis 
Vail 

(1888).    C.  compacte  tj^pica 

(1890).    C.  gronovii  latiflora 
VanSickle 

(1894).     C.  compacte  typica 

(1894).    C.  pentegona  typica 

(1894).    C.  cephalanthi 
Vasey 

436.  C.  salina  squamigera 

437.  C.  califomica  papillosa 
(1861).    C.  cephalanthi 
(1873).    C.coryU 

(1875).     C.  subinclusa 

C.  glomerate 

ViCTORIN,  Bro. 

3147.    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Visher 

2596.     C.  pentegona  calycina 
Vreeland 

670.     C.  curta 
Wagner 

(1919).     C.  indecora  neurop)etala 
Waldron 

1697.     C.  curta 
Walker 

348.     C.  pentegona  tj^ica 
Ward 

(1876).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

(1877;  1883).     C.  coryU 

(1883).    C.  pentegona  typica 

C.  epithymum 

Warscewicz 

(1848).     C.  odontolepis  fimbriate 
Watson 

937.  C.  cephalanthi 

938.  C.  califomica  breviflora 
Wear 

C.  epithymum 


Weatherby 

(1911).     C.  pentegona  typica 
Welch 

C.  coryli 

Weller 

66.     C.  glomerate 
Welsch 

C.  cuspidate 

Wheeler 

(1899).    C.  epiUnum 
White 

(1900).     C.  cuspidate 

C.  pentegona  calycina 

WlBBE 

(1889)  in  part.     C.  polygonorum 
(1889)  in  part.     C.  cephalanthi 

WiEGAND 

(1895).     C.  cephalanthi 
Wight 

73.    C.  indecora  neuropetala 

228,    C.  pentegona  calycina 
Wilkinson 

(1902).     C.  indecora  hispidula 

WiLLETS 

558.    C.  planiflora 
Williams 

40;  753;  (1889).     C.  glomerate 

220;  355.    C.  curte 

(1888).    C.  cephalanthi 

(1889;  1894;  1896).     C.  coryU 

(1891).     C.  pentegona  typica 

(1892).    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
Wilson 

138.     C.  pentagona  typica 

nil;  1129.    C.  glandulosa 

7983.     C.  americana  spectebilis 

(1897).    C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

WOOLSON 

17194.     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 

WOOTON 

2749;  (1892;  1900;  1905).    C.    pentegona 

calycina 
(1899;  1902).     C.  squamate 
(1895;  1904).     C.  umbellate  typica 
(1899).    C.  cephalanthi 
(1903).    C.  califomica  gracilifiora 
(1911).     C.  racemosa  chiliana 
(1916).    C.  veatchii  apoda 
WooTON  &  Standley 

336;  (1906;  1907).     C.    squamate 
3488;  3959.    C.  curte 


136 


ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS 


[226 


3986.     C.  umbellata  typica 
3988;  (1906).     C.  pentagona  calycina 
Weight 

2;  519;  523; 574;  1631; 1635.  C.  pentagona 

pubescens 
371;  510;  695;  1627;  1636;  1639  in  part; 

3107.     C.  umbellata  typica 
392;  518;  1628.     C.  squamata 
521;  525;  1622;  1630;  1632;  1633;  1634, 
1638;  3649.     C.  indecora  neuropetala 
522;  1639  in  part;  (1852).    C.  leptantha 
typica 
1264.    C.  gracillima  subtilis 
1623 = 541 ;  1625.     C.  applanata 
1624=529.     C.  odontolepis  typica 
1626  =  578;  1629  =  124.     C.  cephalanthi 
1659  in  part;  (1847).    C.  pentagona  caly- 
cina 
1659  in  part;  (1865).     C.  americana  spec- 
tabilis 


(1847).    C.  cuspidata 

(1847).    C.  exaltata 

(1849;  1865).     C.  glandulosa 

(1853;  1875).     C.  subinclusa 

C.  compacta  tj^ica 

C.  indecora  longisepala     . 

Weight,  Paeey  &  Bsumheix 

391.     C.  americana  spectabilis 
WinsizLAw 

C.  cuspidata 

YOEK 

(1902).    C.  coryU 

YxmCKEE 

695;  742;  (1916).     C.  gronovii  vulgivaga 
999a;  999b.     C.  cephalanthi 
1000a;   1000b;   1000c;   lOOOd;   1010.    C. 
polygonorum 
Zeller 

1129.     C.  salina  squamigera 
(1910).    C.  salina  major 


227]        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER         137 


INDEX  OF  NAMES 

The  first  page  reference  given  ordinarily  refers  to  the  description.     Italics  indicate 
synonyms. 

Anthanema  Raf 25. 

paradoxa  Raf 74. 

Aplostylis  Raf 21. 

Buchingera  F.  Sch 25. 

Cassuiha  Des  M 10,  25. 

Cassytha  S.  F.  Gray 21. 

Clistogrammica  (sect.)  Englm 47,  25. 

Cuscuta  (group)  Englm 21. 

Cuscuta  L 20,  7,  8,  9, 10,  12, 13, 18,  21,  33. 

acaulis  Raf 76. 

acuminata  Nutt 60. 

alata  Brand 30,  31. 

americana  var.  auth 65,  76. 

americana  Hook 74. 

americana  L 32,  16,  30,  33. 

var.  congesta  Prog 33. 

"    spectabilis  Prog 34,  33. 

anlhemi  Nels 23. 

aphylla  Raf 74,  75. 

applanata  Englm 30,  17,  31. 

arabica  Fresen 12. 

arvensis  Beyr ; 12,  50. 

var.  calycina  Englm 51. 

"    penlagona  Englm 50. 

"    pubescens  Englm 52. 

"    verrucosa  Englm 52. 

bonariensis  Englm 67. 

californica  Choisy 60,  13,  14,  47. 

var.  apiculata  Englm 62,  61. 

"    apodanthera  n.  var 62,  61. 

"    brachycalyx  n.  var. 62,  61. 

"    breviflora  Englm 61,  60. 

"    graciliflora  Englm 61,  60. 

"    longiloba  Englm 61. 

"    papillosa  n.  var 62,  61. 

"    reflexa  Coult 42. 

"    squamigera  Englm 71. 

calyptrata  (Englm.)  Small 67. 

campanulata  Nutt 33. 

cassythoides  Nees 18. 

ceanothi  Behr 69. 

cephalanthi  Englm 53,  14,  18,  19,  47. 

ceratophora  n.  sp 28,  13,  18,  26. 

chapalana  n.  sp 28,  16 

rMorocarpa  Englm 14,  19,  4P 


138  ILUNOJS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [228 

choisiana  n.  sp 38,  37. 

compacta  Juss 75, 13,  72. 

.  var.  adpressa  Englm 76. 

"    crenulala  Choisy 56. 

"    efimbriata  n.  var 77. 

"    typica 76. 

congesta  Benth 33. 

congesta  Beyr 56. 

coronata  Be>T 76. 

corymbosa  R  and  P 34,  13,  29. 

var.  grandiflora  Englm 35,  30,  36. 

"    stylosa  Englm 35,  30. 

coryH  Englm 55, 14,  16, 19,  47. 

curta  (Englm.)  Rydb 67,  48. 

cuspidata  Englm 72. 

var.  humida  Englm 72,  73. 

"    pratensis  Englm 72,  73. 

cymosa  Willd 35. 

decipiens  n.  sp 55,  47. 

decora  Englm 57. 

var.  indecora  Englm 58. 

"    pulcherrima  Englm 58. 

deltoidea  n.  sp 44,  36,  37. 

denticulata  Enghn 68,  17,  47,  48,  69. 

desmouliniana  n.  sp 40,  37. 

var.  attenuiloba  n.  var 41. 

"    typica  n.  var 41. 

epilinimi  Weihe 24, 12, 17,  22. 

epithymum  Murr 22,  18. 

erosa  n.  sp 26. 

europaea  L 23,  12,  17,  22. 

exaltata  Englm 21,  16, 19. 

floribunda  H.B.K 32,  28,  30. 

foetida  H  and  A 43. 

Jruticum  Bert 76. 

gatnoslyla  Englm 21. 

glandulosa  (Englm.)  Small 48, 16, 47. 

glohifera  Schaff 40. 

globularis  Nutt 50. 

globulosa  Benth 34. 

glomerata  Choisy 74,  13, 18,  29,  72. 

gracilis  Rydb 23. 

gracillima  Englm 43, 16,  37, 44. 

var.  esquamata  n.  var 43. 

"    saccharata  Englm 43,  14. 

"    subtilis  n.  comb 43,  44. 

gronovii  Willd 64, 17, 18,  48,  54,  67,  68. 

var.  calyptrata  Englm 67,  64. 

"    curta  Englm 67. 

"    latiflora  Englm 65, 64. 

"    saururi  Englm 65. 

"    vulgivaga  Englm 65,  64. 


2291        NORTH  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER         139 

harperi  Small 63,  13,  48. 

hispidula  Englm 58. 

inclusa  Choisy 35. 

incurva  Englm 19. 

imbricata  Nutt 76. 

indecora  Choisy 57,  14,  47,  55,  56. 

var.  bifida  n.  var 59,  57. 

"    hispidula  n.  comb 58,  57. 

"    longisepala  n.  var 59,  57. 

"    neuropetala  (Choisy)  Hitchck 58,  57,  59. 

"    porloricensis  Urb 58. 

inflexa  Englm 14,  5^. 

jalapensis  Sch 27,  26,  28. 

jepsonii  n.  sp 59,  47. 

lacerata  n.  sp 44,  37. 

laxiflora  Benth 35. 

leiokpis  Miq 33. 

leptantha  Englm 45,  37,  46. 

var.  palmeri  n.  comb 46. 

"    typica 45. 

macrocephala  n.  sp 36,  28,  30. 

niegalocarpa  Rydb 67. 

mitraeformis  Englm 26, 16,  27. 

neuropetala  Englm 58. 

var.  liitoralis  Englm 58. 

"    minor  Englm 58. 

oblusiflora  var.  glandulosa  Englm 48. 

odontolepis  Englm 38,  37. 

var.  fimbriata  n.  var 39,  37. 

"    typica 39. 

oxycarpa  Englm 63. 

palmeri  Wats 46. 

paradoxa  Raf 74,  75. 

partita  Choisy 40, 19,  37. 

patens  Benth 35. 

parviflora  Nutt 56. 

parviflora  Willd 41. 

pentagona  Englm 50,  14,  31,  44,  47,  53. 

var.  calycina  Englm :■■:■ 51,  50. 

"    microcalyx  Englm 50. 

"    pubescens  n,  comb 52,  14,  50. 

"    typica 50,  63. 

"    verrucosa  n.  comb 52,  50. 

planiflora  Tenore 22. 

var.  approximata  Englm 23. 

plattensis  Nels 53,  47. 

polyantha  Shijttl 65. 

polyanthemos  n.  sp 46,  37. 

polygonorum  Englm 49,  13, 16,  17,  19,  41,  48. 

Popayanensis  H.B.K 35. 

porphyrostigma  Englm 58. 


140  ILUNOIS  BIOLOGICAL  MONOGRAPHS  [230 

potosina  Schaff 39,  31,  37. 

var.  globifera  n.  var 40. 

"    typica 40. 

pringlei  n.  sp 29,  18. 

pulcherrima  Scheele 58. 

purpusii  n.  sp 37. 

racemosa  var.  chiliana  Englm 54,  18,  47. 

reflexa  Roxb 18. 

remotiflora  Bertol 76. 

rostrata  Shuttl 63, 13,  17,  48. 

rugosiceps  n.  sp 27,  26. 

salina  Englm 70,  17,  19,  48. 

var.  acuminata  n.  var 72. 

"    major  n.  var 71. 

"    squamigera  n.  comb 71. 

sandwichiana  Choisy 60. 

saururi  Englm 19,65. 

sidarum  Lieb 43. 

spectabilis  Choisy 34. 

squamata  Englm 73,  72. 

squamigera  (Enghn.)  Piper 71. 

stylosa  Choisy 35. 

suaveolens  Ser 12. 

subinclusa  D  and  H 69,  48. 

var.  abbremata  Englm 71. 

subtilis  Chaub 43. 

surinamensis  Schil 33. 

tenuiflora  Englm 19,  5J. 

tinctoria  Mart 31,  30. 

var.  kellermaniana  n.  var 32. 

"    typica 31. 

trifolii  Bab 12,  22. 

tuberculata  Brand 45,  37. 

umbellata  H.B.K 41, 17,  37. 

var.  dubia  n.  var 43. 

"    reflexa  n.  comb 42. 

"    typica 42. 

nmhrosa  Beyr 19,  56, 65. 

umbrosa  Hook ;«. 67. 

veatchii  Brand 69,  48. 

var.  apoda  n.  var 69. 

"    typica 69. 

verrucosa  Englm 52. 

var.  glabrior  Englm 52. 

"    hispidula  Englm 58. 

vulgivaga  Englm 65. 

var.  glomerala  Englm - 65. 

"    laxijiora  Englm 65. 

"    tetramera  Englm 65. 

Cuscuta  Pfeif 21. 

Cuscuteae  (tribe)  DesM 9. 


231]        NORTE  AMERICAN  AND  WEST  INDIAN  CUSCUTA—YUNCKER        141 

Cuscutina  Keif 25. 

Cuscutineae  (tribe)  DesM 10. 

Dastykpis  Raf 25. 

brownei  Raf 32. 

Engelmannia  Pfeif 9,  25. 

Epilinella  Pfeif 9,10,21. 

Epithymum  Plinius 20,  21. 

arvense  (Beyr.)  N  and  L 50. 

cephdanlhi  (Englm.)  N  and  L [ 53. 

coryli  (Englm.)  N  and  L 56. 

gronovii  (Willd.)  N  and  L 64. 

indecorum  (Choisy)  N  and  L 57. 

Eronema  Raf 25. 

robinsoni  Raf 32. 

Eucuscuta  (sect.)  Englm 21. 

Eugrammica  (sect.)  Englm 25. 

Granmiica  (subgenus)  Englm 25, 10, 13, 16,  20. 

Grammica  Lour 9, 25. 

Kadula  Raf 25. 

corymbosa  Raf 34. 

Kadurias  Raf 20. 

Lepidanche  (subsect.)  Englm 72,  47. 

Lepidanche  Englm 9,  25. 

adpressa  Englm 76. 

composiiarum  Englm 19,  74. 

var.  helianihi  Englm 74. 

"    solidaginis  Englm 74. 

squarrosa  Englm *. 19. 

Lepidanchopsis  n.  subsect 29,  25. 

Lepimes  Raf 21. 

epithymum  Raf 22. 

Leptilobae  (subsect.)  Englm 36,  25. 

Monogyna  (subgenus)  Englm 20, 10,  13,  16. 

Monogynella  (sect.)  Englm 20. 

Monogynella  DesM 10,  20. 

Nemepis  Raf 25. 

americana  Raf 32. 

prolifera  Raf 32. 

Obtusilobae  (subsect.)  Englm 30,  25. 

Oxycarpae  (subsect.)  Englm 47. 

Pentake  Raf 25. 

Pfeif  eria  Buching 9,  25. 

Platycarpae  (subsect.)  Englm 47. 

Schrebera  L 21. 

Subulatae  (subsect.)  Englm 25. 

Succuta  (subgenus)  n.  comb 21,  13,  20. 

Succuta  DesM 10,  2/ . 


